Evolution of needs: Enslavement or liberation Rousseau versus Marx
Rousseau ile Marx ihtiyaçların evrimi: Kölelik ya da özgürlük
- Tez No: 364661
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. GÜROL IRZIK
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Sosyoloji, Felsefe, Sociology, Philosophy
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1999
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Felsefe Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
In this thesis I will show how Rousseau's and Marx's different views about human nature lead to different conceptions of human needs and human good that underlie their entire theories. This comparison involves an investigation of Rousseau's notion of“corruption”and Marx's conception of“alienation”that are the central tenets in their critiques of civilization. Although both of these thinkers criticize civilization due to its negative impacts on individuals, they analyze the source and the solution of this problem differently. The difference between Rousseau and Marx can be expressed in the language of needs as follows: for Rousseau, the historical evolution of“perceived needs”diverges from ''true needs“ because of the ”false consciousness“ of one's needs that is reinforced by civilization. In other words, the subjective needs of an individual increase beyond the objective needs that are often not consciously known by him. By contrast, Marx's conception of needs implies that the evolution of perceived needs can converge to ”humane needs“ under particular socio-economic conditions. Their different evaluations of the historical evolution of needs also reflect in their notions of human good. Whereas Rousseau's ideal is a ”man of few needs“ who is happy since he can satisfy all his needs, Marx favors ”man rich in his needs“ who can develop his various capacities and thereby realize himself. Finally, I will show that Rousseau's understanding of human good as ”happiness“ and Marx's notion of ”self-realization“ are based on their conceptions of human nature as ”self-sufficient“ and ”sociable" respectively.
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