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Erdemir sinterinin özelliklerine harman bileşiminin (özellikle BOF cürufunun) etkisi

The Effects of blend contents on the properties of Erdemir's sinter

  1. Tez No: 39383
  2. Yazar: ABDULKERİM MUMCU
  3. Danışmanlar: Y.DOÇ.DR. KELAMİ ŞEŞEN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Metalurji Mühendisliği, Metallurgical Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1993
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 91

Özet

Sinterleme; esas olarak, nemlendirilmiş demir cevheri tozları ve diğer katkı malzemelerinin katı yakıt (kok) ile birlikte geçirgen bir taban üzerine yüklendikten son ra, karışımın üst düzeyinden sıvı veya gaz yakıtla tutuş turma yapılarak yüksek bir sıcaklık eldesi ve geçirgen tabandan sürekli hava emişinin sağlanması sonucu, demirok- sitler arasında oluşan oksit bağları ve kısmi ergimeler ile bir aglomerasyon olayıdır. Sinter harmanının bileşimi, ürün sinterin kalite ve mikroyapısını belirler. Sinter kalitesi ve mikroyapısı da yüksek fırın verimliliği ve sıvı ham demir kalitesine et ki eder. Bu nedenle sürekli üretimi yapılan sinterin be lirli kalitede olması gereklidir. Pratikteki uygulamada, sürekli üretimde harman bileşiminin değişmesinin sinter kalitesini fazla etkilememesini sağlamak gerekir. Bu da bi leşenlerin etkilerini çok iyi bilmekle sağlanır. Sinter Harmanı; demirli hammaddeler, yakıt, su, cü ruf laştırıcılardan oluşur. Demirli hammaddeler; demir cevheri tozu, geri donen toz sinter, baca tozu ve tufal gibi maddelerdir. Cüruf laştırıcılar ise kireçtaşı, dolo mit ve BDF cürufudur. Yeni bir uygulama olarak harmana katılan Bazik Oksijen Konverteri (BOF) cürufu; hem demir li hammadde ve Mn içerir, hem de cüruf laştırıcı özelliğine sahiptir. E nım v mir s lites bazik sinte arttı Sdnte timin sıcak rufu makta rdem eril inte ini ligi r ve rdığ r ya i sa lıkt ilav, ko ir'd eri rini fazl nin BOF ı ve pisi ğlay a s esiy k tü en alın ve ilav n harma a etkil artışıy cürufa kükürt na kaza arak si inter ü le yüks ketimi an tekn e yapıl n bileş emediği la FeO ilaves miktar ndırıla nter ve retimin ek fırı azaltıl ola ji an te imini beli oranı inin ını a n haz rimli e imk n ver makta k sin st ve n değ rlenm nın a sinte zaltt ir cü ligin an ve imlil dır. ter ine isme işti zald rdek ığı ruf i ar rmek iğin üretimi elemele sinin s r. Ayr ığı, ge i FeO m tespit hızlı s ttırmak tedir. de artı ve k rde, inter ıca s ri dö iktar edilm inter ta dü BOF Ş sağ ulla- Erde- ka- inter nen mı iştir, üre- şük cü- lan- -v-

Özet (Çeviri)

Due to the dramatically reduce of the high grade iron ores in the earth, necessity of enrichment of low grade iron ores, makes the particle size below the chargeable size to the blast furnace. While the mining and preparation of ores, undesired dust formation obtained. All of the ore dust which unsuitable for direct use in the blast furnace, can get suitable by agglomeration processes. Sintering is the most common agglomeration process. It is achieved by the application of heat which results in the conversion of ore fines into large, hard, porous lumps. In sintering, a shallow bed of fine particles is agglomerated by heat exchange and partial fusion of quiescent mass. Heat is generated by combustion of a solid fuel (coke) admixed with the bed of fines being agglomerated. The combustion is initiated by igniting the fuel exposed at the surface of the bed, after which a narrow, high temparature zone is caused to move through the bed by an induced draft applied at the bottom of the bed. Within this narrow zone, the surfaces of adjacent particles reach fusion temparature, and gangue constitiuents form a semi-liguid slag. The bending is effected by a combination of fusion, grain growth and slag liguidation. The generation of volatiles from the fuel and fluxstone- creates a frothy condition and the incoming air quenches and solidifies the rear edge of the advanciny fusion zone. The product consists of the cellular mass of ore bonded in a slag matrix. The characteristics of sinter ar of praramount importance in that to a high degree they determine the performance of the blast furnace. The objects of sinterin are; 1. To increase the particle size, 2. To form a strong reducible agglomerate, -vi-3» To remove volatiles and sulphur, 4. To incorporate flux into the blast furnace burden. The first sinter plants were designed and operated with virtually the sole object of increasing the particle size, and the blast furnace was then burdened with an appropriate amount of flux. With the realization that the use of sinter vastly improved furnace performance, the physical properties and chemical constitution came to be examined much more closely. The introduction of the flux into the sinter mix, rather than seperately into the blast furnace, has very definite advantages in terms of blast furnace performance* The production of fluxed sinter can be achieved in to ways. For lean are practice it is possible to blend lime-rich and silicous ores in such proportions as to. roduce desired basicity ratio. Alternatively lime, limestone or dolomite can be added to either high grade or low-grade silicous ores. This can give rise to the following three practices: 1. The production of acid sinter where all the flux added in the blast furnace. 2“ The production of sinter where sufficient flux has been incorporated for it to have the same basicity as the blast furnuce slay and the limestone etc. Added in the blast furnace is necessary only to flux the lump ore, perlets and coke. 3. The production of sinter where sufficient flux has been added so that there is no need to make further flux additions to the last furnace. If the amount.of flux in the finished sinter is sufficient to produce the appropriate amount of slag for the amount of iron produced from that sinter, then this is called self-fluxing sinter, i.e. if all the ferruginous burden charged was self-fluxing sinter then only other burden material required would be coke. If an excess of flux is added to the sinter mix so that lump are can be added to the burden without any limestone being necessary, then this is super-fluxed sinter. To produce the appropriate quality of product, the sinterin operation must be carefully controlled. For -vix-this reason the physical and chemical changes which occur from the start of ignition to the end of sintering process the ben can be divided into a number of zones. The chemical composition changed gradually across the various zones. The ferrous iron increased in the zone of calcination and reduction and attained a maximum in the freshly formed sinter. Nearer the top of the sinter cake the percentage of ferrous iron decreased as a result of air oxidation. The extent of the increuse in ferrous iron and the final amount in the sinter depends upon the amount of fuel used. A substantial amount of sulphur dissapeared from the zone af de hydration and, in accordance with general practice, sulphur was eliminated mane completely in the low fuel change Despite the wide wariety of raw materials that can be used in its production, sinter consists essentially three types of constituent.”1. Original mineral constituents of raw material which have remained unaltered through out the sintering treatment. 2. Original mineral constituents which have re adjusted their structure and shape by recrystallization in the solid state. These do not lose their chemical or physical identity at any time during or after the sintering process. 3. Secondary constituents which result from material that is fused, dissolved, or reacted during sintering, such reactions are the formation of ferrites, dicalcium silicates, spinels etc. There are two groups of secondary constituents: (a) Constituents which remain mutually dissolved and consolidate as a glass, and (b) Constituents which crystallize out of solution as dendrites or as skeletal or fully developed crystals. The main but not the only, purpose of sintering is the produce large and physically strong aggretgates by bonding together small ore fragments. Two types of bonding are theoretically possible, depending upon the mineralogical changes. These are: 1. Banding by diffusion which is related to the process of recrystalization in the solid state, and. -Vlll-2. Bonding by slag formation uhen glassy melt forms a matrix in which the crystalline constituents ar partially or completely embedded. In this study, sinter products which produced from different sinter blends in Ereğli Iron And Steel works (Erdemir) are examined. Erdemir produce their sinter in sinter plant to use in blast furnaces. Properties of sinter product are determined by the required tests in Erdemir. This study prepared according to the results of the tests and production data and some other addition tests made in laboratory. The effects of necessary contents and fluxes such as limestone and especially basic oxygen converters slag additions which adding to the sinter blend on the chemical a mechanical and mineralogical properties and reducibility of produced sinter products and subsequently effect's of the sinter products on the liguid raw iron efficiency in blast furnaces are investigated. Since the production continious, sinter quality produced in Erdemir Sinter Plant is not very strongly affected from sinter blend constituents. But in order to determining the tendencies some results can be obtained. Addition of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag into the sinter blend arise the sintering efficiency. The hight of the sinter blend is fixed at 58 cm, that means combustion and production rate is increased, and permeability of bet is well and the maximum temprature is low. As a ready slag structure, the BOF slag addition is increase the sintering efficiency. However, most of sulphur removed during the sintering, a little quantity of sulphur occurs in structure. Increasing basicity of sinter and FeO content rise the sulphur content. Increasing quantity of BOF slag and returned sinter fines reduce the sulphur content and arise theFeQ content. FeO lowers the strength of sinter. According to the reducibility test carried out on different samples in laboratory, significant changes are not seen. But when the basicity increased and the FeO content is low, reducibility of sinter would be better. -IX-Adding BOF slag into the sinter blend, as the addition ratio increased, rises the blast furnace efficiency and lowers the coke consumption. New application of BOF slag as fluxing material ensure the sawing of limestone and dolomite. Furthermore consistence of Fe and Mn in BOF slag is also very significants All of the advantages of using the slag gained in spite of it waste material is. Undesired way of BOF slag is that, it brings phosphorus in its structure and this limits the use of the sla_y..x-

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