An epidemiological study of Listeriosis in dairy cattle
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400637
- Danışmanlar: PROF. KENTON MORGAN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Veteriner Hekimliği, Zooloji, Veterinary Medicine, Zoology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Unıversıty Of Brıstol
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Veterinerlik Patolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
The aim of this study was to provide some epidemiological information about' distribution and the dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes infection in dairy cattle. In an attempt to determine the frequency of clinical listeriosis in dairy cattle a risk factors associated with it, a postal questionnaire designed to identify farm level r factors associated with disease was sent to a random sample of 1500 dairy farmers England in August 1995. The questionnaire included questions about the disease a farm management practices (feeding, housing and dung disposal, etc.). The fa prevalence was 12.3% (95% CL, 10.0-14.8) overall 9.3% (95%CL, 7.4-11.7) in milki cows, 5% (95%CL, 3.6-6.8) in replacement heifers and 1.4% (95% CL, 0.7-2.6) in da calves. The farm prevalence in milking cows was significantly higher than oth< (P<0.001). The within herd incidence rates in milking cows, replacement heifers a dairy calves as per 1000 animal-years were respectively 39.7, 86.6, 73.7. In the affect herds the incidence rate was significantly greater in younger animals (heifers and calve (PO.001). The majority of the cases of listeriosis in dairy cattle were reported betwe December and May with a peak of 19.3% in January. Silage eye (83.7%) was the mc frequently reported sign followed by nervous signs (4.9%). 99% of cases of silage e and 68.4% of cases of nervous signs were reported to recover after a treatment. As a part of the cross-sectional study 5 outcome variables (overall cases, cases milking cows, cases reported in winter, cases of silage eye and nervous signs) and groups of farm level predictor variables (herd size, feeding practices, preparation forages, housing and general management) were used to investigate the relations! between clinical listeriosis and farm management practices. 19 variables were associat with the disease after multivariate analysis. The following were associated with increased risk of disease: cases of listeriosis in beef cattle and sheep; use of a movv conditioner; preserving grass silage in clamps; big bale silage; storage of big bale outsi uncovered; maize silage feeding; outdoor ad libitum feeding of grass silage; indo feeding grass silage in ring feeders; indoor feeding of maize silage in ring feeders, ir complete diet and ad libitum; vaccinating animals against Leptospirosis, use of stn bedding in cubicles and not storing manure. The following were associated with decreased risk of disease: wilting grass prior to ensiling: controlling moles in the fiel< use of big bale straw for bedding and grazing sheep on the same pasture as dairy cattle.In the second part of the study a longitudinal survey of five dairy farms was carried out to determine the infection rate with Listeria monocytogenes and its behaviour in the environment, individual cows, pastures, soil, water sources, forage and bulk milk tanks on the five farms monitored bacteriologically and serologically between August 96 and May 97. The infection rate varied between farms and months. Two patterns of infection rate were observed. On 3 farms the highest prevalence of infection rates were obtained between November and April, around 90% of animals excreted L. monocytogenes in their faeces during this period whereas on the other 2 farms the infection rate was lower, around 30% of animals excreted L. monocytogenes (that was only in March). An ELISA assay employing Listeriolysin O (LLO) was used to determine seroconversion before, during and after silage feeding and winter housing. Almost all animals examined on each farm had anti-LLO antibodies to L. monocytogenes before silage feeding and housing. The antibody level remained unchanged throughout the study with only a small number of animals exhibiting changes on only one farm. Three species of Listeria were isolated from the environmental samples (soil, grass, silage, water, bedding). The commonest isolate was L. monocytogenes. L. innocua was less common and the rarest was Z. seeligeri. L. monocytogenes was isolated from bulk milk tank on three farms. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays were used to identify the source of infection in dairy cows and to determine the variation between the strains of different origin. In total 113 isolates (40 from the environment and 73 from the animals) were examined and 12 different RAPD patterns were obtained. The results indicated that different“strains”exist between and within farms. There also were similar patterns of RAPD between environmental and
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