Novel approaches to the development and characterization of antimicrobial conventional and nanostructured materials
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- Tez No: 401108
- Danışmanlar: DR. RICHARD KOTEK
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği, Textile and Textile Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2010
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: North Carolına State Unıversıty
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
One of the most important challenges for antimicrobial materials is their production methods and adverse effects of toxicants on human and living organisms during their using and disposing. It will be one of the crucial concerns to develop models for predicting antibacterial agents, which release and/or come from antibacterial products and/or the environments during their life-cycle, behavior in the body with high-throughput toxicity-testing protocols in the near future. Therefore, efficiency and mechanism of the antimicrobial agents with minimum requirements is so important. To address the issue of antimicrobial materials and focus on gaining insights and developing new types of antimicrobial products, the present study is divided into three sections. In the first section, commonly used a 'leaching' antimicrobial agent, silver nanoparticles, and a polymer, polypropylene (PP) were selected to produce antibacterial composite fibers via the melt spinning technique. The antimicrobial composite fibers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MTS Q-Test/5 for tensile testing, linear tester equipment for antistatic property, and elemental content analysis. The significant E. coli reduction was observed while real silver content was more than 0.030% and an excellent E. coli reduction was observed with 0.721% silver filler content. On the other hand, we successfully incorporated zinc nanoparticles to PP fibers via melt spinning processes to obtain antimicrobial fibers. A high antimicrobial efficacy of PP/zinc composite fibers was demonstrated for the first time and the composite fibers started to exert a marked influence on the reduction of the bacteria with 0.034% zinc filler content. PP fibers with 0.3% and 0.5% Ag nanoparticles built up less charge and shorter characteristic decay time than PP control sample. The zinc nanoparticles had agglomerated more than silver nanoparticles while 0.588% zinc and 0.721% silver filler content were compared. In the second section of this study, we selected a 'bound' type of antimicrobial agents, an organosilicone quaternary ammonium compound, commercially known as AEM 5772 was also applied to the surface of knitted polyester fabric. Direct Red 47 dyestuff was used to develop a new method to calculate the concentration of quaternary ammonium groups, which has a very strong relationship with antibacterial activity, on the surface of polyester fabrics. We also characterized the surface of polyester fabrics via gravimetric absorbency testing system (GATS), fieldmeter, and microbiological analysis. At lower concentrations, almost all the charges present in the organic layer attached with sulfonate groups on the dye molecule, also the experimental charge density value was close to calculated value which were 1.4x1016 units/cm2 and 1.3x1016 units/cm2 at 0.05% aAEM 5772, respectively. We observed the reason for higher color strength values on the treated polyester surface was coming from the higher charge density. The main objective of the third section of this work was to demonstrate and produce an eco-friendly antimicrobial nanofiber mat: PEO and PVA containing Lawsonia Inermis (henna) leaves extracts via electrospinning technique, and then characterize these nanofibers via SEM and FTIR. PVA and PEO based solutions at 2.8 wt% LI showed bactericidal effect against S. aureus and bacteriostatic action to E. coli. According to SEM images, there is no clear evidence for inconsiderable increases in the diameter of electrospun fibers with an increasing extract concentration.
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