Experimental study of combined low salinity and surfactant flooding effect on oil recovery
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- Tez No: 402549
- Danışmanlar: DR. WEI YAN, DR. OLE TORSÆTER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Petrol ve Doğal Gaz Mühendisliği, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2014
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Technical University of Denmark
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Petrol Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 145
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
A new generation improved oil recovery methods comes from combining techniques to make the overall process of oil recovery more efficient. One of the most promising methods is combined low salinity surfactant (LSS) flooding. Low salinity brine injection has proven by numerous laboratory core flood experiments to give a moderate increase in oil recovery. Recent research has shown that this method may be further enhanced by introduction of surfactants optimized for low salinity environment by reducing the interfacial tension. Even though the low salinity water (LSW) flooding leads to extra oil recovery in most of the core displacement experiments, the mechanism underlying the LSW is not fully understood and is related to complex crude oil/rock/brine interactions. Researchers have suggested different mechanisms in the literature such as pH variation, fines migration, multi-component ionic exchange, interfacial tension reduction and wettability alteration for improved oil recovery during low salinity injection. A literature study was performed to gain understanding of salinity effects and various positive and challenging aspects of LSW and LSS flooding on oil recovery. Mechanisms driven by change in brine salinity are discussed in great detail throughout the report. Surfactant solubility in low salinity brine was examined by bottle test experiments. A decrease in surfactant solubility with increase in salinity concentration in the presence of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) was observed. A series of core displacement experiments was conducted on nine crude oil aged Berea core plugs that were designed to determine the impact of brine composition, wettability alteration, LSW and LSS flooding on enhancing oil recovery. Results obtained from each flooding step are discussed in terms of oil recovery and brine composition. The results showed a significant potential of oil recovery, more than 50 % of original oil in place (OOIP) by low salinity injection when applied as secondary recovery mode. The results showed that, for all salinity compositions, oil recovery increases as wettability changes from water-wet to neutral wet conditions. A reduction in residual oil saturation, Sor, by 1.1% to 4.8 % for various brine compositions after LSS flooding in tertiary recovery mode was observed. A stable differential pressure was observed during both LSW and LSS flooding indicated the absence of clay swelling and fine migration. The absence of fines production was attributed mainly to the aging at high temperature. Combined low salinity surfactant flooding resulted in an additional oil recovery of 9.2% OOIP when applied after low salinity waterflooding. Surfactants improved the oil recovery by reducing the oil-water interfacial tension. In addition, low salinity environment decreased the surfactant retention, thus led to successful LSS flooding. The results showed that combined low salinity surfactant flooding may be one of the most promising methods in EOR. This hybrid improved oil recovery method is economically more attractive and feasible compared to separate low salinity waterflooding or surfactant flooding.
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