Çevre tasarımında kalitenin yönlenme ve çeşitlilik açısından değerlendirilmesi
Evoluation of the quality of environmental design in terms orientation and variety
- Tez No: 46301
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. TÜRKAN URAZ ULUSU
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 116
Özet
The fourth chapter comprises of a questionnaire which searches whether orientation and variety is provided to satisfy needs in Turkish settlements, particularly in mass housing areas. The aim of the questionnaire is of find out how settlement choices of users are formed. Choice is a phenomena that includes individual evaluations, and which can be defined as a tendency toward some thing or a desire. Environmental choices are made by these who are under the influence of a series of alternatives, and manifest themselves as decisions taken after a process of evaluation. The real processes which determine this decision are perception and cognition. That is, one can find a parallel between Gibsons“affect”and choices. Finally, choices are related to those senses which are likes and dislikes. Of the conditions necessitate to decide one among other alternatives, a satisfactory level of liking standsout to be the explanation of this choice decision. The questionnaires are examined in a similar manner. Through the use of the method of cluster analysis the choices are grouped in terms of settlement types, and the relationship between orientation and variety and choices are examined in terms of environmental quality. With the use of regression analysis, the relationship between the combination of orientation and variety and choices are identified. Here, it was seen that, in those settlements which were built according to the tenets of the Modern Movement, levels of dissatisfaction are high. The reason for this is the lack of attention paid to the above mentioned hierarchies and combination of different levels of visual organization. Finally, in the conclusion, by looking at the findings of this questioner and the explanations included in the theoretical framework, the factors and principle which increase the quality of the environment are explained. XVThe present study contributes to James Gibson's Model of human behaviour (Gibson 1978) by investigating orientation and variety, two important affordances of the environment. The aim is to explain these concepts and determine their places in Gibson's Model briefly, the chapter states that these two affordances influence human behaviour in very many important ways. Humans sustain orientation via post experiences. Thus, some visual inputs should have simple and understandable structures so that they can be experienced. Some of the other visual inputs should have a structure which makes them directly understandable yet of complex nature so that they can help compensate those needs which arise from spontaneous situations. Thus, the production of those visual inputs which generate variety in the environment is necessary. These environments which are structured in a very simple order (level) cannot provide satisfying levels of orientation. If, on the other hand, the environment is organized in high level (order) so as to avoid unsatisfactory orientation then variety cannot be provided. Therefore, an optimum combination of these visual inputs which define both orientation and variety is necessary. This study tries to show how this combination can be provided as well as the identification of the visual inputs which fall in to the realm of environmental design with regards orientation and variety. In the third chapter, examples related to orientation and variety in the built environment are given. Here, the way physical/spatial elements in the built environment influences orientation and variety is analyzed in a historical perspective. This analysis show that urban elements which help satisfy needs manifest hierarchies in micro, mezo and macro scales. These hierarchies are as result of both social life and personal lives. Yet, it is more important to understand the contents and use of these hierarchies, because they show how the combination afore mentioned is rendered possible. XIV
Özet (Çeviri)
The fourth chapter comprises of a questionnaire which searches whether orientation and variety is provided to satisfy needs in Turkish settlements, particularly in mass housing areas. The aim of the questionnaire is of find out how settlement choices of users are formed. Choice is a phenomena that includes individual evaluations, and which can be defined as a tendency toward some thing or a desire. Environmental choices are made by these who are under the influence of a series of alternatives, and manifest themselves as decisions taken after a process of evaluation. The real processes which determine this decision are perception and cognition. That is, one can find a parallel between Gibsons“affect”and choices. Finally, choices are related to those senses which are likes and dislikes. Of the conditions necessitate to decide one among other alternatives, a satisfactory level of liking standsout to be the explanation of this choice decision. The questionnaires are examined in a similar manner. Through the use of the method of cluster analysis the choices are grouped in terms of settlement types, and the relationship between orientation and variety and choices are examined in terms of environmental quality. With the use of regression analysis, the relationship between the combination of orientation and variety and choices are identified. Here, it was seen that, in those settlements which were built according to the tenets of the Modern Movement, levels of dissatisfaction are high. The reason for this is the lack of attention paid to the above mentioned hierarchies and combination of different levels of visual organization. Finally, in the conclusion, by looking at the findings of this questioner and the explanations included in the theoretical framework, the factors and principle which increase the quality of the environment are explained. XVThe present study contributes to James Gibson's Model of human behaviour (Gibson 1978) by investigating orientation and variety, two important affordances of the environment. The aim is to explain these concepts and determine their places in Gibson's Model briefly, the chapter states that these two affordances influence human behaviour in very many important ways. Humans sustain orientation via post experiences. Thus, some visual inputs should have simple and understandable structures so that they can be experienced. Some of the other visual inputs should have a structure which makes them directly understandable yet of complex nature so that they can help compensate those needs which arise from spontaneous situations. Thus, the production of those visual inputs which generate variety in the environment is necessary. These environments which are structured in a very simple order (level) cannot provide satisfying levels of orientation. If, on the other hand, the environment is organized in high level (order) so as to avoid unsatisfactory orientation then variety cannot be provided. Therefore, an optimum combination of these visual inputs which define both orientation and variety is necessary. This study tries to show how this combination can be provided as well as the identification of the visual inputs which fall in to the realm of environmental design with regards orientation and variety. In the third chapter, examples related to orientation and variety in the built environment are given. Here, the way physical/spatial elements in the built environment influences orientation and variety is analyzed in a historical perspective. This analysis show that urban elements which help satisfy needs manifest hierarchies in micro, mezo and macro scales. These hierarchies are as result of both social life and personal lives. Yet, it is more important to understand the contents and use of these hierarchies, because they show how the combination afore mentioned is rendered possible. XIVThe fourth chapter comprises of a questionnaire which searches whether orientation and variety is provided to satisfy needs in Turkish settlements, particularly in mass housing areas. The aim of the questionnaire is of find out how settlement choices of users are formed. Choice is a phenomena that includes individual evaluations, and which can be defined as a tendency toward some thing or a desire. Environmental choices are made by these who are under the influence of a series of alternatives, and manifest themselves as decisions taken after a process of evaluation. The real processes which determine this decision are perception and cognition. That is, one can find a parallel between Gibsons“affect”and choices. Finally, choices are related to those senses which are likes and dislikes. Of the conditions necessitate to decide one among other alternatives, a satisfactory level of liking standsout to be the explanation of this choice decision. The questionnaires are examined in a similar manner. Through the use of the method of cluster analysis the choices are grouped in terms of settlement types, and the relationship between orientation and variety and choices are examined in terms of environmental quality. With the use of regression analysis, the relationship between the combination of orientation and variety and choices are identified. Here, it was seen that, in those settlements which were built according to the tenets of the Modern Movement, levels of dissatisfaction are high. The reason for this is the lack of attention paid to the above mentioned hierarchies and combination of different levels of visual organization. Finally, in the conclusion, by looking at the findings of this questioner and the explanations included in the theoretical framework, the factors and principle which increase the quality of the environment are explained. XVThe present study contributes to James Gibson's Model of human behaviour (Gibson 1978) by investigating orientation and variety, two important affordances of the environment. The aim is to explain these concepts and determine their places in Gibson's Model briefly, the chapter states that these two affordances influence human behaviour in very many important ways. Humans sustain orientation via post experiences. Thus, some visual inputs should have simple and understandable structures so that they can be experienced. Some of the other visual inputs should have a structure which makes them directly understandable yet of complex nature so that they can help compensate those needs which arise from spontaneous situations. Thus, the production of those visual inputs which generate variety in the environment is necessary. These environments which are structured in a very simple order (level) cannot provide satisfying levels of orientation. If, on the other hand, the environment is organized in high level (order) so as to avoid unsatisfactory orientation then variety cannot be provided. Therefore, an optimum combination of these visual inputs which define both orientation and variety is necessary. This study tries to show how this combination can be provided as well as the identification of the visual inputs which fall in to the realm of environmental design with regards orientation and variety. In the third chapter, examples related to orientation and variety in the built environment are given. Here, the way physical/spatial elements in the built environment influences orientation and variety is analyzed in a historical perspective. This analysis show that urban elements which help satisfy needs manifest hierarchies in micro, mezo and macro scales. These hierarchies are as result of both social life and personal lives. Yet, it is more important to understand the contents and use of these hierarchies, because they show how the combination afore mentioned is rendered possible. XIVThe fourth chapter comprises of a questionnaire which searches whether orientation and variety is provided to satisfy needs in Turkish settlements, particularly in mass housing areas. The aim of the questionnaire is of find out how settlement choices of users are formed. Choice is a phenomena that includes individual evaluations, and which can be defined as a tendency toward some thing or a desire. Environmental choices are made by these who are under the influence of a series of alternatives, and manifest themselves as decisions taken after a process of evaluation. The real processes which determine this decision are perception and cognition. That is, one can find a parallel between Gibsons“affect”and choices. Finally, choices are related to those senses which are likes and dislikes. Of the conditions necessitate to decide one among other alternatives, a satisfactory level of liking standsout to be the explanation of this choice decision. The questionnaires are examined in a similar manner. Through the use of the method of cluster analysis the choices are grouped in terms of settlement types, and the relationship between orientation and variety and choices are examined in terms of environmental quality. With the use of regression analysis, the relationship between the combination of orientation and variety and choices are identified. Here, it was seen that, in those settlements which were built according to the tenets of the Modern Movement, levels of dissatisfaction are high. The reason for this is the lack of attention paid to the above mentioned hierarchies and combination of different levels of visual organization. Finally, in the conclusion, by looking at the findings of this questioner and the explanations included in the theoretical framework, the factors and principle which increase the quality of the environment are explained. XV
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