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İmar planlarının uygulama araçları ve ordu örneği

The Application tools of the development plans and Ordu case

  1. Tez No: 46337
  2. Yazar: Ş.ŞENCE TÜRK
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. YÜCEL ÜNAL
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 155

Özet

ÖZET Şehirlerin imar yönünden düzenli bir şekilde gelişmesi, imar planlarıyla getirilen planlama kararlarının, planlama ilke ve düzenleme tekniklerine göre uygulanmasıyla sağlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde imar planlarının uygulama araçları kamulaştırma ile arazi ve arsa düzenlemesi olmaktadır. Bu araçlardan kamulaştırma, pahalı bir yöntem olduğu için belediyeler ve valiliklerce tercih edilmemektedir. Arazi ve arsa düzenlemesi ise, ilgili idarelerin imar planlarını uygulamaları için kullanacakları önemli bir araç olmaktadır. Arazi ve arsa düzenlemesi, mal sahiplerinin isteği üzerine yapılabileceği gibi, mal sahiplerinin isteğine bakılmaksızın, belediyeler ve valilikler tarafından bir kamu tasarrufu niteliğinde de yapılmaktadır. Belirtilen ikinci yol, mevzuatımızda zorunlu kılınmış olmasına rağmen çoğunlukla uygulamada istek üzerine düzenlemeler tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada imar planlarının uygulama araçları olan kamulaştırma ile arazi ve arsa düzenlenmesi incelenmiş, özellikle 18. Hadde uygulamasının nasıl yapıldığı araştırılmış ve Ordu'dan seçilen üç değişik düzenleme alanında uygulama yapılmak suretiyle mevzuatımızda bu konu ile ilgili eksiklikler ve boşluklar belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunlara bağlı olarak da öneriler getirilmiştir. 6 bölümden oluşan çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, konu tanıtılmış, ikinci bölümde ise imar hukukunun yaptırım gücü üzerinde durulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde imar planlarının uygulama araçları olan kamulaştırma ile arazi ve arsa düzenlemesi incelenmiş ve dördüncü bölümde ise 18. Madde uygulamasının çalışma esasları açıklanmıştır. Beşinci bölümde Ordu Merkez yerleşim alanından seçilen 3 örnek düzenleme alanında uygulama yapılmıştır. Altıncı bölümde ise, konunun bütününe ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılarak, öneriler getirilmiştir.

Özet (Çeviri)

SİMORT tie appLicanoi tools of tie depelopmhtt plus ih> ordu c*se In this study, the application tools of the development plans have been studied and application stage of the land and plot arrangement has been explained on the actual cases which is taken from Ordu. As a result of these studies, some gaps and deficiencies have been found in laws related to this topic and some solution procedures has been proposed. First chapter describes the scope of this thesis. In second chapter, the position of the development law in legal science İ3 explained. This chapter al30 explains the general concepts and rules of law and emphasizes the distinction between public and private laws. Public law includes the development and city planning law. With city plans, some rights of people related to the ownership may be restricted, delayed or abolished. In our country, in order to solve the problems related to public improvements, the rules of the traditional administrative law are applied. However, these rules are mostly insufficient in practice. For this reason, development law must be independent from the administrative law. In third chapter, the application tools of the development plans in our country, have been explained. These tools are the expropriation, land and plot arrangement. Constitutional Law of 1982 is the fundamental support of expropriation in Turkey. Item of 46 of this constitutional law mentions about general frame of the expropriation. The main characteristics of expropriation can be listed as follows: a) The expropriation is applied on private property. XIb) The main purpose of expropriation is to provide the public interest. c) Only government İ3 authorized for expropriation. d) The price of the property must be paid for cash. e) The expropriation procedure is determined according to the laws. By expropriation, it is so difficult to supply lands for which will be used for public facilities. Because this way is expensive. Municipalities and provinces can not afford for this procedure. The land and plot arrangement is an effective method for above organizations. By using this method, development plans can be easily applied rather than expropriation. Furthermore, because of obligation about application of parcellation plans in Development Law, Item 18 can be applied easily while realizing these plans. In our country, the land and plot arrangement are applied in two ways. First one is the applications which are done by the request of property owners. Second one İ3 the arrangement which is done by municipality and provinces as a public procedure. This second way is obligatory according to the Development Act. The applications which is done by the request of the property owners, are done generally with respect to the Item 15 and 16 of the Development Act No: 3194. Property owners may have gain or loss after application of these items. Development Act does not include a clear explanation about application of these items. The land and plot arrangement have been interpreted in different ways by different law experts. Some of them claim that this items can be evaluated as a private expropriation. The others evaluate this procedure as a restriction on private ownership right. The usage of the private ownership can be restricted according to the development and city planning law. The land and plot arrangement have been included in various laws which came into force since Ottoman Period until now. XllThis arrangement: has been mentioned firstly in Law which came into force in 1864. In all laws related with this topic, the planning participation shares are different. This participation share wa3 determined as 25 % in Item 42 of The Development Act No: ?785 but this item was cancelled by Constitutional Court in 1963. The Court determined this item as an expropriation without compensation. Then this item was rearranged by Act No: 1605 in 1972. In 1985, Development Act No: 3194 came into force. This Act has some new concepts related with land and plot arrangement. These can be listed as follows: a) The participation share is increased from 25 % to 35 %. b) For regions outside the municipal or surrounding region, provinces are authorized for planning. c) The purchase of all kinds of land and plot which have private parcellation or shared ownership is prohibited. d) The mosques and police stations are included in the planning participation share as well as the other public facilities, like streets, squares, parking areas, play grounds and recreation areas. e) To keep plots ready for housing construction is obligatory. f) The areas which are assigned for common use may be formed by granting shares to all arranged parcels. g) According to the Item 39 of the Development Act No: 6785/1605, the participation 3hare can be taken from the parcels which are previously divided and registered. h) With respect to the ground position of the parcel, planning participation share may convert into money by the request of the owier. The advantages of application of Item 18 can be listed as follows: a) The municipalities and provinces can apply the development plans entirely by using Item 18. Xliib) The public facilities 3uch as streets, squares, parking areas, play grounds, recreation areas, mosques, police stations can be provided without using expropriation. c) By the application of Item 18, the parcels ready for housing construction can be provided. d) By the application of Item 18, all streets and substructure can be realized according to the development plan. A similar procedure can be applied using Item 10-c of Act No: 2981/3290 instead of Item 18 in some lands on which illegal buildings or shared ownership exist. This Item has much more practical rules than Item 18. Fourth section is about the studies carried on the application of the Item 18. These studies are made as preparatory and arrangement studies. The points which are to be taken into consideration in the application are specified. In fifth section, land and plot arrangement is done on three different lands. First case is chosen from developing zone of city called as Cumhuriyet District. Second and third cases are chosen from Subaşı District and Yeni District which are inhabited zones of the city. Item 18 of The Development Act is applied in first and second cases. Item 10-c of Act 2981/3290 is used for third zone. The results of these application studies shows that Items 15 and 16 are most often used in Ordu. Item 18 is applied if Items 15 and 16 are not applicable. Usually, municipality prefers application of Item 10-c of Act No: 2981/3290 instead of Item 18. Because the rules of this Item are more practical in application. Some deficiencies and gaps in Development Act related with land and plot arrangement can be listed as follows: a) There is not clear explanation about application of the Items IS and 16 of Development Act. b) In the application of Item 18, areas of properties are taken into consideration only. c) The planning participation shares calculated after application of Item 18, Items 15 and 16 and Item 10-c XiVof Act No: 2981/3290 may have different values in planning zone. d) The planning participation shares which have been taken at in different times may cause problems. e) The necessary cooperation between city planners and surveying engineers does not exist in our country. Finally, some proposals can be summarized as follows: a) Items 15 and 16 have to be explained clearly in the Development Act. b) The application of the Item 18 have to be much more practical. The rules of Item 10-c which can be easily applied, have to be added into Item 18 of Act No: 3194. c) Priority have to be given to municipality while purchasing the properties. d) The planning participation share have to be calculated in all over the city. This share will be base for later applications. e) City planners have to make easily applicable plans and take care about private ownership. xv

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