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Sanayi konut ilişkileri üzerine bir araştırma (İzmit örneği)

A Study on relations between industry and delling example İzmit

  1. Tez No: 46423
  2. Yazar: ZAFER YAPICI
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. AYTEN ÇETİNER
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 101

Özet

ÖZET Ülkemizde görülen dengesiz kentleşme olgusunu, ülkenin hızla gelişen belli başlı sanayi kentlerinden olan İzmit ilinde de yoğun olarak görmekteyiz. Gelişmekte olan kente talep, kentte kurulu olan sanayinin gelişimine paralel olarak sürekli artmaktadır. Öyle ki, kent nüfusunun sürekli artışı ülke nüfus artış hızının iki katına ulaşmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmayla da ulaşılmak istenen hedeflerden birisi hiç kuşkusuz kentte kurulu olan sanayinin bu hızlı nüfus artışındaki etkinliğinin saptanmasıydı. Bu görüşün doğruluğunun tespiti tüm tez boyunca irdelenmiş ve bu yönde olumlu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Sahip olduğu özellikler kentin sanayi kenti oluşumunu hızlandırmıştır. Öte yandan kurulu sanayi içinde hem yapısal, hem de çalışanlara sağlanan imkanlar açısından kamu ve özel sektör arasında belirgin farklar tespit edilmiştir. Sanayi kentlerinin bünyelerinde barındırdıkları canlılık ise, ülkenin diğer kentlerinde görülmemektedir. Sanayinin belli başlı kentlerde odaklaşması, bu kentlerin tıpkı İzmit örnekleminde olduğu gibi bünyelerinde belli özellikleri barındırmalarındandır. İzmit kenti için etkin olan tercih nedeni de, kentin sahip olduğu üstün ulaşılabilirlik, pazara yakın olma özelliğidir. Kent planının demografik büyüme hızına yetişememesi ise, plansız konut ve sanayi yerleşmelerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kentin doğu-batı yanında E-1 00 karayolu hattı boyunca devam eden bu olumsuz gelişimi günümüzde de devam etmektedir (1995). Planlı alanlarda gözüken denetimsizlik, sonuçta göç eden insanların bu kenti iş sebebiyle tercih etmelerine sebep olmakla birlikte, çevrelerinden ve çevre sorunlarından şikayetçi olmalarını engelleyememiştir. Yapılan anketlerde insanlar çevrelerinden, hava kirliliğinden, gürültüden yoğun olarak şikayet etmektedir. Daha yaşanabilir bir İzmit için ; sonuç olarak, sanayi gelişiminin kontrol altına alınması ve sanayinin ülke üzerinde dengeli yayılımının sağlanması gerekir. Bu, mevcut sorunlarımızı çözmede ve daha yaşanabilir bir kente ulaşmamızda yarar sağlayacaktır. IX

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY Topic : A STUDY ON RELATIONS BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND DWELLING, EXAMPLE, İZMİT. This study can be examined basically into three parts, aiming to see the effect of industry on population increase, environment, inhabitants... etc. First part is introduction, second part is development and the last one is conclusion. Below we'll see the details of this study one by one. Generally in our country we are used to live together with environmental and daily problems; In order to be away from those problems, (especially problems in urbanization) local autorities and municipalities shouldn't lose their control on new developing areas of the cities. On the other hand against pollution of environment, our cities... etc. We must take necessary measures to cope with them successfully. Irregular development and rapid urbanization create deformed urban areas in our cities. Especially we see those kind of uncontrolled developments in our industrialized cities like İzmit. In İzmit it is easy to see the effects of irregular development of industry on people. For that reason we'll research this city throughout this study so as to give identity by bringing basic advices for its environmental problems and itself. While examining this city we shouldn't forget the people who live in. Because they are the center of everything. Their all relations with environment, industry... etc create urbanization. This study includes five parts. The first part is dealing with the chosen reasons of this study. Development of Turkey's economy shortly is mentioned forthe early times of New Turkish republic. Plus economic policies for the different regions of Turkey are examined. By the effect of these policies great differences are formed between west and east. This is said for the reason of the immigration from east to west. Second part partly depends on the explanation of the meaning of city and its urbanology. Plus it consists industrial relations with urban areas, land usage of industry and industrialists decisions for location. Third part includes then several properties of İzmit like physical, topographic, social-demographic and planning facilities. Fourth part is corcerning with surveys. Two kinds of survey were done during the study. One of them is applied directly over industrial companies in order to learn knowledge about their production, number of employees, location reasons etc. The other survey's aim is to reach final conclusions for the employee's dwellings. By the way we would analize not only the industry but also employee's life conditions, too. This survey's aim is to reach final conclusions for the employee's who work in factories in İzmit. Because so as to form a relation between dwellings and factories. We must take care of them to reach the ex act solutions. The last part wholly consists conclusions about established industry and its relations with dwellings in urban areas. By the way effects of the industrialization can be seen easily at rural and urban areas. Population statistics between 1975 and 1990 have shown anomalous amount of increase at population in İzmit. This increase even reached annually at a rate of %0 47-60, nearly twice of the national population statistics. That's not only caused by the number of children born in İzmit; because year by year number of households in İzmit decrease continually. It seems it's because of the immigration, caused by the attraction of established industry. This attractive current causes irregular settlements in İzmit even in regions having master plans. Because new immigrants had made up their mind. They have only one aim, having a simple dwelling. It may be called as squatter but it's enough XIfor them to live in. Plus national statistics show this population inflation will continue towards 2000. City of İzmit shows a typical lineer kind of development because of its topography. It is established along the north of the Gulf throughout E-100 state rood. Its master plan is done by Polat Sökmen in 1985 consisting rules of the settlements It was like a barrier for invaders who wished to settle here only for their own benefits. Before, in 1945's its first plan was done by Jhansen. The second one, is planned by Kemal Ahmet Arü in 1950. According to second plan new settlement areas were adviced like Cedit, Kozluk, Yenidoğan, Mehmet Ali Paşa. For industrial settlement the west part of the İzmit was thought. Partly it was controlled till 1 980's. Then after it growed without control. Even new settlement areas were adviced in 1985's plan and said for example for industry like Kullar, Köseköy to the east, Yanmca-Derince to the west. But again we see the same irregular control on them. Partly it is applied. For dwellings new areas adviced, too. But those areas growed speedly away from the principles of the last plan. So, as we said before, new districts are formed having lots of problems. If the local municipalities took the necessary measures in order to prevent these irregular settlements we would be more happy. But municipality didn't have the same agree, so today we are always face to face with squatter areas, especially to the west of the centrum. Those areas after 1980's growed tremendously and new districts are formed. They are Mersincik, Harmantarta, Esentepe, Öğretmenler, Çınarlı, Çenedağ, Dumlupınar. Even new municipalities are formed in 1994 by the seperation of the central municipality, like Derince, Körfez etc. There seems no change for the settlement policies. Only politicians are changed. We see the same irregular settlement strategies for industrial locations. They have in the same behoviour. During the survey 1/3 of the industrial firms stated that they had grown irregularly. xiiTo prove these diseases we made two kind of survey, one for the industrial establishments and the other for employee's dwellings. For the first one we have selected 20 firms to contact but unfortunately we would be able to do with 13 firms. While choosing those firms we took the necessary help and information from the association of manufacturers in İzmit. The second survey we hoped to make interview with 285 person in order to be able to get knowledge about their houses and environment. But finally we got only 180. After analyzing the answers we reached the final solution. Their location reasons for choosing İzmit to live in are nearly the same. Factories prefered İzmit for its suitable opportunites like transportation, water supplies, closeness to the market etc;Again immigrants choose this city for the suitable job opportunities, life conditions...etc. While struggling to be alive we lost something that was environment. We all started to bother around of our environment. Even during the survey nearly 80 % of the households complained about their environment, because of pollution, noise... etc. You must see something that goes wrong ; only 20 % of people feel themselves happy among their environment. Because nearly 65 % of all them are said to live in apartments. Really it's hard to live among lots of families in the apartments. So we must take care of radical measures for controlling the speed of immigration, industrilization, shape of settlements etc. If we try to decrease the speed of growing population in izmit, or lets say if we manage to decentralize the industry towards the other cities we'll have a lot of time to cope with our existing troubles. If we think the future, the population of İzmit will reach nearly 1.592.000 in 2000. Because of the pressure of this great population we'll have lots of problems like pollution, noise... etc. Even water supplies must reach 150 million mVyear. xiifPerhaps it may be the center of industry or capital if our existing problems will be solved or decreased by some how. Otherwise we'll be in need of simple breath in İzmit in the long run towards 2000. xiv

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