Avrupa Topluluğu'nda çevre politikası ve Türkiye'de çevre politikası
Environmental policies of European Communities and Turkey
- Tez No: 51762
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. HALUK GÜNUĞUR
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Hukuk, Law
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 120
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
113 SUMMARY The aim of this thesis is to identify the policies developed by the European Communities to handle the multiplicity of environmental issues and problems the member countries have been facing. And while analyzing the solutions sought at the international level, the thesis also aims at drawing in a comprehensive manner, a comparison between the environmental policies of the European Communities and Turkey. In this context, due consideration is also given to the evolution of Turkey's environmental policies. In fact, given Turkey's application for full and permanent membership in the Community, this later aspect gains utmost relevance and importance. Consequently, this student believes that the comparison drawn between Turkey's and the European Communities' policies, together with the evolution of Turkey's policies in this respect, deserve a detailed analysis. Thanks to the impetus stemming from the Stockholm Conference of 1972, the member countries of the European Community have been attempting to formulate solutions to counter the complex environmental problems they are faced with. In this regard, attempts have been made to exploit the opportunities offered by a number of international organizations, including North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Council of Europe and United Nations Environment Programme. Nevertheless, among those the European Community has distinguished itself as the most efficient and successful one, in terms of the policies developed and the arrangements introduced thereof. The basic guidelines that find wide-spread application among the member countries of the European Community are based on the principle of free competition, as well as a determination to improve living standards. The member countries that are part of the same economic arrangements are expected, and in fact obliged to eliminate the discrepancies in the application of their respective environmental policies. Since national boundaries constituted no barrier on the way of environmental pollution, common or at least harmonized environmental policies among member states were perceived as an increasingly urgent need. Among the factors that help explain the European Community's relative success in formulating responses are, the Community being an organization above the member states (in order to attain the common market goal); the114 Community's efficiency in devising on a continuos basis new solutions for the emerging and/or evolving challenges; and, the Community's ability to ensure that the response formulated as such are adopted by individual member states. From the perspective of a country expressing its wish to join the Community as member state, the overall environmental policies of the Community could be analyzed under two major categories. The first category consists of a dynamic set of instructions provided by the Community itself, which as such could be altered, revised or changed at the Community's will. The second category concerns the regulations drawn by the Community in order to ensure the compliance of the member states with the provisions of a number of international arrangements and agreements, to which the Community itself is a signatory. In terms of the respective environmental legislation put into effect, a comparison between Turkey and the Community could be drawn on the basis of two distinct, but inter-related dimensions. The first dimension involves Turkey taking as a model the environmental legislation of the Community in formulating her own environmental legislation. After all, a firm conviction to preserve the environment prevails in Turkey and steps are taken on a voluntary basis to adopt successful examples observed elsewhere. The second dimension consists of the measures that must be taken by Turkey in line with her application of 1987 to become a full member of the Community. In fact, within the legislation that is in effect in the European countries, the areas that are not already covered by the Turkish legislation are very few. Moreover, the manner in which European countries' legislation address a particular topic, and the manner in which the Turkish legislation approach to the same topic display striking similarity. The logical explanations for this similarity finds its explanation in the fact that, even prior to its application for full membership, Turkey drew heavily on the experiences of the European countries and the Federal Republic of Germany in particular, in formulating her own environmental legislation. Although not very frequently, under certain circumstances it115 is even possible to come across with the arrangements that would state“the standards in effect in the Community are valid in Turkey as well, until national standards are formulated and put into effect”.
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