The Question of reforms in eastern Anatolia after the Congress of Berlin
Berlin Kongresi sonrasında Doğu Anadolu'da reform sorunu (Avrupa Islahatı)
- Tez No: 52063
- Danışmanlar: DR. S. AKŞİN SOMEL
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Tarih, History
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Anadolu, Anadolu Islahatı, Ermeni sorunu, Osmanlı Devleti, Yenilik, Anatolia, Anatolia reform, Armenian question, Ottoman State, Innovation
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
ABSTRACT THE QUESTION OF REFORMS IN EASTERN ANATOLIA AFTER THE CONGRESS OF BERLIN 1878-1885 (ANADOLU ISLAHATI) For the period of 1878-1885,“Anatolian Reform”(Anadolu Islahatı.) can be defined as the process of British efforts to make the Ottoman government introduce administrative reforms in its eastern provinces for the benefit of its Armenian subjects in order to prevent a possible Russian intervention in the region, which could endanger the British imperial route to India. The problem emerged and became an international issue after the Turco-Russian War of 1877 when the possibility of a further Russian advance threatened British communication with India after the Russian occupation of the eastern Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. As the protection of this communication was a matter of vital importance, Britain did not hesitate to put forth its sustained efforts to keep the Armenians in peace, and forced the Ottoman government to initiate administrative reforms. The Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II considered British intervention a threat to the integrity of the country and resisted the provisions of the treaties which obliged the Porte to introduce reforms. After the Turco- Russian War of 1877, the Ottoman Empire lost most of its territories in the Balkans, hence, maintaining unity in Asia Minor became the foremost goal for the Ottoman administration.
Özet (Çeviri)
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents i Abstract ii I. Introduction. 1 II. The Sooio-Eoonomic Origins of the Anatolian Reform 3 1-Strategic Nature of the Region 3 2 -Trade Routes 4 3 -Economic Conditions of the Region 7 4 -Armenians in the Light of Socio-Economic Conditions...11 III. The Political Origins of the Anatolian Reform 16 1-The Turco-Russian War and the Strategic Significance of the Region 16 2-Political Developments After the Turco-Russian War.... 21 a-The Treaty of San Stefano 21 b-The Cyprus Convention 26 c-The Berlin Congress 28 IV. The Introduction of the Reforms 32 1-Reform Attempts Under Foreign Pressure 32 2 -Appointment of British Consuls 40 3 -The Change of Government 43 4 -The First Commission of Reform 44 5 -Military Encounter With Britain (Donanma Meselesi)....54 6 -The Second Commission of Reform 57 7 -Parliamentary Elections in Britain and the Shift in Ottoman Policy 60 8-Recovery of Sovereignty 66 V. Conclusion 71 VI. Bibliography 73
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