İşletmelerde sosyal sorumluluk
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 55499
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. İSMAİL HAKKI BİÇER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mühendislik Bilimleri, İşletme, Engineering Sciences, Business Administration
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 82
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada işletmelerin sosyal sorumluluklarının tanım ve kapsamı incelenmiştir. öncelikle işletmenin tanımı yapılmış ve amaçlarının neler olabileceği araştırılıp sınıflandırılarak sosyal sorumluluk olgusunun incelenemesi bu sınıflandırma üzerine kurulmuştur. Sermayedarlar, istihdam, personel, piyasadaki rakipler, tüketiciler ve çevreye karşı olan sorumluluklar incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sırasında tarihsel süreç, teknolojik gelişme ve insan ilişkilerindeki değişimlerin işletmenin sosyal sorumluluklarına olan etkisi neden-sonuç ilişkisi içerisinde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Tüm insanlığı doğrudan etkilemesi ve stratejik bir sektör olması nedeniyle ilaç sektörü temel alınarak mülakata dayalı uygulama yapılmış ve ülkemizdeki sosyal sorumluluk anlayışına örnek gösterilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde ise çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. İletişim ve bilgilendirmenin artması, yasal düzenlemelerin acilen yapılarak işlevsel bir denetimin kurulması, en önemlisi toplumsal yaşama bilincinin her bireye öğretilmesi kaostan kurtulmanın tek yoludur.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE DEFINITION AND EXTENSION OF THE MANAGEMENTS AND THEIR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES In this work, the definition and extention of the management are investigated. Firstly, the definition of the management is given and after this the aims of the management are examined and dassified. Finally, the research of the social responsability fact is constructed on this classification. The social responsibility of management is to manage the economical activities without giving any damage to the society's, employees' and shareholders' interests. At this point, we have to acöept that the management is an economical creature. In order to continue its creature management must make profit. The shareholders and managers decide what kind of social responsibility a management will take. In the recent managements, the profit maximization is not the first target any more and there are many non-profitable organizations. Although the profit is not the first target, a management and its managers have the responsibility to the shareholders on the economical base. The economical responsibility is a right for the shareholders which must be protected by the management. The responsibilities of managements by maintaining human resources has been investigated in this work. Managements should maintain job opportunities and solve the unemployment problem. This problem occurs not only in the developing countries; in the developed countries, in which robots has entered to the industrial process, as well. In our country, our population increases one million every year and this gives an important responsibility to the managements. It is a must to create an efficient atmosphere in order to overcome the unemployment problem. Surely, this is related to the governments policy as well. It is clear that the increase of unemployment creates social, political and economical damages and these affect the business environment very quickly. At this point, a successful manager has to remember his social responsibility and has to find solutions to decrease and prevent this problem. Human resources are one of the main production elements that the managements have. It took time to take human and natural resources serious in the production process, because these could be found very easily. The development of the management science and human rights improved the importance of the human being in the managements. Because every thing is for VIhuman being and the managements exist for the human targets and they are created by human being as well. The responsibilities of the management about work morals are related to the activities in the system. It is a kind of responsibility which means honesty on a large scale. Sometimes the managements use the advantage of the demand surplus and lack of supply and increase the prices enourmously and injustly. As a result of this, they get very huge amaounts of profit. Secondly, some managements make untrue advertisements and create bad images for their rivals. This is against the work morals and is forbidden by laws. The third topic about the work morals is the working conditions of employees; specially women and children. Although it is against to rules and laws, and social values, some managements offer jobs for the children under working age and imply a low price policy. The another topic which is related to the work morals is the tax obligations of the managements. In addition they have to pay their debts to the creditors on the right time. Otherwise a distrustful work life would affect not only the work morals of people, the economical relation as well. Besides these lock out, strikes and boycotts are the activities which exist as a result of the work fights. We have to put them into the responsibility area. Whether they are rightful or not, these activities create negative effects on the third persons, and they may affect the whole country. The Responsibilities of the Management about the safety of the Product: Firstly, we should state that managements must have the responsibilities like introducing the product and giving informations about it. The management should make it clear which materials are used to produce this product. As a consumer we must be sure that this product doesn't have any danger. In addition a brochure or a prospectus should be inside or on the package of the product. If the consumer confirms all these informations after using the product, this means that the producer has made its obligation. The Responsibilities of Managements to Customers by Giving Information. a) The producers has to write all the informations about their products on the packages, brochures and advertisements very clearly. b) These informations can be a positive point by the purchase of the product. They should be used after using the product and to solve any problems. c) In addition, these consumers should know what would they do if they were not pleasent with the product. d) By protecting the consumers, the most important topic is to make themm conscious of the product. The Responsibilities of the Managements on the Price Determination: The behaviour of the consumers has a very close relation with the prices which affect the purchase and comprehension of the product. If the consumers viihaven't enough informations about the quality of the product or about the producer, they think that if the prices increases, the quality of the product increases as well. The producers should be honest by the price determination. Ecology and environmental issues continue to become more important to the public, particularly as the industrial sector of the economy becomes less visible. Eccology- the relationship between people and their environment- is now legal as well as a societal issue for managers to consider. Pollution - the tainting or destroying of a natural environment - is the major ecological problem today. Water and air pollution are significant problems and they have a growing impact on business. This highlights the two major pollution questions society faces: Are the benefits of cleaning up pollution worth the costs? Are we willing to pay now for a future ecological benefit? While most of us recognize the current pollution problems, our willingness to pay for corrections is sometimes doubtful. To improve our conscious of the soicial responsibility, the first must is education. Many moral values are learned in the social environment, in the family and society. Because of that general social values should be protected, and a national policy which is open-minded but traditionalist should be built. The strategy that is wanted to practise is like that, but in reality we don't make any changes while adopting the strategy from other countries. We use these strategies directly and don't try to adopt them according to our conditions. The different kind of education systems create different people, although they are from the same generation. As a result of that there is a huge gap among managers because of the different aspects of view. The concept of corporate social responsibility it means distinguishing right from wrong and doing right. It means being a good corporate citizen. The formal definition of social responsibility is management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society as well as to the organization's. As straight forward as this definition seems, social responsibility can be a difficult concept to grasp, because different people have different beliefs as to which actions improve society's welfare. To make matters worse, social responsibility covers a range of issues, many of which are ambiguous with respect to right or wrong. One reason for the difficulty understanding social responsibility is that managers must confront the question 'responsibility to whom'. From a social responsibility perspective, enlightened organizations view the internal and external environment as a variety of stakeholders. A stakeholder is any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization's performance. Each stakeholder has a different criterion of responsiveness because it has a different interest in the organization. Important stakeholders are employees, customers, owners, creditors, suppliers and investors. Investors, owners and suppliers' interests are served by managerial efficiency, that is use of resources to achieve profits. Employees expect work satisfaction, pay and good supervision. Customers are concerned with decisions about the quality and availability of goods and services. Other important stakeholders are the goverment and the community. Most corporations exist only under the Vlllproper character and licences and operate within the limits of safety laws, environmental protection requirements, and other laws and regulations in the government sector. The first criterion of social responsibility is econonic responsibility. This responsibility is to produce the goods and services that society wants and to maximize profits for its owners and shareholders. Legal responsibility defines what society seems as important with respect to appropriate corporate behaviour. Business are expected to fulfill their economic goals within the legal framework. Ethical responsibility includes behaviors that are not necessarily codified into law and may not serve the corporation's direct economic interests. To be ethical, organization decision makers should act with equity, fairness and impartiality respect the rights of individuals and provide different treatment of individuals only when relevant to the organization's goals and tasks. Discretionary responsibility is purely voluntary and guided by a company's desire to make social contributions not mandated by economics, laws or ethics. Discretionary acctivities include generous philentropic contributions that offer no payback to the company and are not expected. The relationship of corporation's social responsibility to its financial performance concerns both managers and management scholars and has generated a lively debate. One concern of managers is whether good citizenship will hurt performance -after all, ethics programs cost money. A number of studies have been undertaken to determine whether heightened ethical and social responsiveness increases or decreases financial performance studies have provided varying results but generally have found that there is a small positive relationship between social responsibility and financial performance. These findings are very encouraging, because they mean that use of resources for the social good does not hurt the company. Ethics and social responsibility are hot topics for managers in the 1 990's. The ethical domain of behaviour pertains to values of right and wrong. Ethical decisions and behavior are typically guided by a value system. For value-based approaches that serve as criteria for ethical decision making are utilitarian, individualism, moral rights and justice. For an individual manager the ability to make correct ethical choices will depend on both individual and organizational characteristics. An important individual characteristic is level of moral development. Corporate culture is an organizational characteristic that influences ethical behaviour. Corporate social responsibility concerns a company's values towards society. How can organizations be good corporate citizens? The model for evaluating social performance use for criteria; economic, legal, ethical and discrationary. Organizations may use four types of response to specific social pressures, obstructive, defensive, accomodative, and proactive. Evaluating corporate social behaviour often requires assesing the impact on organizational stakeholders. Techniques for improving social responsiveness include IXleadership, codes of ethics, ethical structures, and whistle-blowing. Finally, research suggests that socially responsible organizations perform as well as and often better than- organizations that are not socially responsible.
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