Türkiye'de serbest bölgeler ve yerseçimi-planlama sorunları
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 55792
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. AYTEN ÇETİNER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 109
Özet
establishing and operating of the free rones is mostly planned to be“buy-operate- transfer”(BOT) system. If the location of the free rones in Turkey is taken into account, it is seen that free rones are generally located; a ) In the port areas where the international trade activities with the Mediterranean, Middle-East countries and Blacksea countries take an important place. For example, Mersin, Antalya and Trabzon Free Zones. b ) Near the airports or highways which have an important location property from the view point of transportation and physical affairs. For example, Aegean and İstanbul Atatürk Airport Free Zones) c ) In the organised industry zones which have a specialized infrastructure and some characteristics like nearness to the raw materials and production areas and the property of specialisation. For example, Istanbul Leather and Mardin Free Zones. d ) In other areas in which for example regional development is aimed like Zonguldak-Filyos Free Zone. As seen from the example of the cancellation of Istanbul Trakya Free Zone because of its being established on the land of water supply area, a clear method is not followed during the stage of free zones' location. And the private sector wants to establish a free zone in every city or in every organised industry zone, without understanding its main aim. The companies, who want to establish a free zone, prepare a feasibility report which mostly insists on the investment properties and the feasibility of investment rather than physical analysis. However the feasibility report has to include also the analysis like the location properties of the city, in which the free zone is planned to be, with the scale of the whole country and the region; the physical, environmental social and economic structure; existing land-use; the regional and master plan of the city and the environment. These analysis provide the free zones to be controlled from the view points of physical and socio-economical structures in macro and micro scales. The location criterias can be summarised in three groups: a ) The Superiority of Geographical Location ; so that the location's being on international transportation axes, being near to airports, highways, sea ways and hotels. b ) The Superiority of Existing Infrastructure ; so that the near environment has a profitable transportation network, a sea port which has high technology, lifting and unlifting establishments, a perfect communication network, a developed technical infrastructure like electricity, water, sewage systems and social infrastructures like health, education and socially usage areas. XIV
Özet (Çeviri)
c ) The Superiority of Economics ; so that the location's being in the central area where national and international trade are focused on; being near to the industrial areas; having the chance to be fed from commercial and industrial centers and feed them in back; the existance of potential qualified and low-cost labour; the presence of banking and insurance facilities; and in order to show these superiorities the exemptions, the facilities and the encouragements that the government will carry out. On the other hand in the scale of the free sone some problems are seen as: a ) Regulation and application problems, since the legal arrangement is not clear related with the free zones settlement plans, b ) Finance problems, especially about infrastructure construction, c ) Planning problems in the subjects of physical, aesthetic, zoning, transportation, parking spaces and socially needed areas, are faced. According to the Free Zones Law, all approval and supervisory during the construction phase shall be performed by the Free Zone Directorate. But since there are not enough technical personnel in the zone directorates, the zone directorate may delegate its responsibilities concerning approvals and supervisory work to the Zone Founder and Operator Company. And the private sector causes such planning system that maximum land usage is taken as the primary objective. In this situation it is much better to make the free zones settlement plans controlled by local authorities or by profession chambers related with planning. The plans of free zones have to be thought in international standards and these plans have to be combined with the master plans of the city. The function areas of the free zone should not be a problem for the economic structure of the city. The land usage is also very important in free zones. The zoning principles such as where the production area, the trade area, the banking area, the storage area and the social usage areas will be, should be decided not to cause problems. The free zones should be perfectly analysed from the view point of environment not to cause an environmental problem in the future. The manipulation areas and parking areas of trays should be planned enough wide. Rather than going through higher densities in the construction, it is much better to design loading and unloading platforms. It is important to plan enough area for social usage area and green areas. The buildings in the free zone should be in harmony from the view points of achitectural and environmental outline. Thinking about the future and making some projections the potential development areas should be planned near the free zone area. xvestablishing and operating of the free rones is mostly planned to be“buy-operate- transfer”(BOT) system. If the location of the free rones in Turkey is taken into account, it is seen that free rones are generally located; a ) In the port areas where the international trade activities with the Mediterranean, Middle-East countries and Blacksea countries take an important place. For example, Mersin, Antalya and Trabzon Free Zones. b ) Near the airports or highways which have an important location property from the view point of transportation and physical affairs. For example, Aegean and İstanbul Atatürk Airport Free Zones) c ) In the organised industry zones which have a specialized infrastructure and some characteristics like nearness to the raw materials and production areas and the property of specialisation. For example, Istanbul Leather and Mardin Free Zones. d ) In other areas in which for example regional development is aimed like Zonguldak-Filyos Free Zone. As seen from the example of the cancellation of Istanbul Trakya Free Zone because of its being established on the land of water supply area, a clear method is not followed during the stage of free zones' location. And the private sector wants to establish a free zone in every city or in every organised industry zone, without understanding its main aim. The companies, who want to establish a free zone, prepare a feasibility report which mostly insists on the investment properties and the feasibility of investment rather than physical analysis. However the feasibility report has to include also the analysis like the location properties of the city, in which the free zone is planned to be, with the scale of the whole country and the region; the physical, environmental social and economic structure; existing land-use; the regional and master plan of the city and the environment. These analysis provide the free zones to be controlled from the view points of physical and socio-economical structures in macro and micro scales. The location criterias can be summarised in three groups: a ) The Superiority of Geographical Location ; so that the location's being on international transportation axes, being near to airports, highways, sea ways and hotels. b ) The Superiority of Existing Infrastructure ; so that the near environment has a profitable transportation network, a sea port which has high technology, lifting and unlifting establishments, a perfect communication network, a developed technical infrastructure like electricity, water, sewage systems and social infrastructures like health, education and socially usage areas. XIVc ) The Superiority of Economics ; so that the location's being in the central area where national and international trade are focused on; being near to the industrial areas; having the chance to be fed from commercial and industrial centers and feed them in back; the existance of potential qualified and low-cost labour; the presence of banking and insurance facilities; and in order to show these superiorities the exemptions, the facilities and the encouragements that the government will carry out. On the other hand in the scale of the free sone some problems are seen as: a ) Regulation and application problems, since the legal arrangement is not clear related with the free zones settlement plans, b ) Finance problems, especially about infrastructure construction, c ) Planning problems in the subjects of physical, aesthetic, zoning, transportation, parking spaces and socially needed areas, are faced. According to the Free Zones Law, all approval and supervisory during the construction phase shall be performed by the Free Zone Directorate. But since there are not enough technical personnel in the zone directorates, the zone directorate may delegate its responsibilities concerning approvals and supervisory work to the Zone Founder and Operator Company. And the private sector causes such planning system that maximum land usage is taken as the primary objective. In this situation it is much better to make the free zones settlement plans controlled by local authorities or by profession chambers related with planning. The plans of free zones have to be thought in international standards and these plans have to be combined with the master plans of the city. The function areas of the free zone should not be a problem for the economic structure of the city. The land usage is also very important in free zones. The zoning principles such as where the production area, the trade area, the banking area, the storage area and the social usage areas will be, should be decided not to cause problems. The free zones should be perfectly analysed from the view point of environment not to cause an environmental problem in the future. The manipulation areas and parking areas of trays should be planned enough wide. Rather than going through higher densities in the construction, it is much better to design loading and unloading platforms. It is important to plan enough area for social usage area and green areas. The buildings in the free zone should be in harmony from the view points of achitectural and environmental outline. Thinking about the future and making some projections the potential development areas should be planned near the free zone area. xvestablishing and operating of the free rones is mostly planned to be“buy-operate- transfer”(BOT) system. If the location of the free rones in Turkey is taken into account, it is seen that free rones are generally located; a ) In the port areas where the international trade activities with the Mediterranean, Middle-East countries and Blacksea countries take an important place. For example, Mersin, Antalya and Trabzon Free Zones. b ) Near the airports or highways which have an important location property from the view point of transportation and physical affairs. For example, Aegean and İstanbul Atatürk Airport Free Zones) c ) In the organised industry zones which have a specialized infrastructure and some characteristics like nearness to the raw materials and production areas and the property of specialisation. For example, Istanbul Leather and Mardin Free Zones. d ) In other areas in which for example regional development is aimed like Zonguldak-Filyos Free Zone. As seen from the example of the cancellation of Istanbul Trakya Free Zone because of its being established on the land of water supply area, a clear method is not followed during the stage of free zones' location. And the private sector wants to establish a free zone in every city or in every organised industry zone, without understanding its main aim. The companies, who want to establish a free zone, prepare a feasibility report which mostly insists on the investment properties and the feasibility of investment rather than physical analysis. However the feasibility report has to include also the analysis like the location properties of the city, in which the free zone is planned to be, with the scale of the whole country and the region; the physical, environmental social and economic structure; existing land-use; the regional and master plan of the city and the environment. These analysis provide the free zones to be controlled from the view points of physical and socio-economical structures in macro and micro scales. The location criterias can be summarised in three groups: a ) The Superiority of Geographical Location ; so that the location's being on international transportation axes, being near to airports, highways, sea ways and hotels. b ) The Superiority of Existing Infrastructure ; so that the near environment has a profitable transportation network, a sea port which has high technology, lifting and unlifting establishments, a perfect communication network, a developed technical infrastructure like electricity, water, sewage systems and social infrastructures like health, education and socially usage areas. XIVc ) The Superiority of Economics ; so that the location's being in the central area where national and international trade are focused on; being near to the industrial areas; having the chance to be fed from commercial and industrial centers and feed them in back; the existance of potential qualified and low-cost labour; the presence of banking and insurance facilities; and in order to show these superiorities the exemptions, the facilities and the encouragements that the government will carry out. On the other hand in the scale of the free sone some problems are seen as: a ) Regulation and application problems, since the legal arrangement is not clear related with the free zones settlement plans, b ) Finance problems, especially about infrastructure construction, c ) Planning problems in the subjects of physical, aesthetic, zoning, transportation, parking spaces and socially needed areas, are faced. According to the Free Zones Law, all approval and supervisory during the construction phase shall be performed by the Free Zone Directorate. But since there are not enough technical personnel in the zone directorates, the zone directorate may delegate its responsibilities concerning approvals and supervisory work to the Zone Founder and Operator Company. And the private sector causes such planning system that maximum land usage is taken as the primary objective. In this situation it is much better to make the free zones settlement plans controlled by local authorities or by profession chambers related with planning. The plans of free zones have to be thought in international standards and these plans have to be combined with the master plans of the city. The function areas of the free zone should not be a problem for the economic structure of the city. The land usage is also very important in free zones. The zoning principles such as where the production area, the trade area, the banking area, the storage area and the social usage areas will be, should be decided not to cause problems. The free zones should be perfectly analysed from the view point of environment not to cause an environmental problem in the future. The manipulation areas and parking areas of trays should be planned enough wide. Rather than going through higher densities in the construction, it is much better to design loading and unloading platforms. It is important to plan enough area for social usage area and green areas. The buildings in the free zone should be in harmony from the view points of achitectural and environmental outline. Thinking about the future and making some projections the potential development areas should be planned near the free zone area. xv
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