Kastamonu Saray Hamamı restorasyon projesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 56036
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. AHMET ERSEN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 102
Özet
ÖZET Kastamonu Kuzeybatı Anadolu' da, İlgaz Dağlan' nın kuzeyinde, Kastamonu Çayı' nm açtığı derin bir vadi kenarında kurulmuş eski bir yerleşim merkezidir. Antik çağlardan günümüze kadar çeşitli devletlerin egemenliğine giren kent Bizans, Selçuklu, Beylikler ve Osmanlı dönemi izleri taşımaktadır. Bizans' dan gelen tipik kale-kent olma özelliğini Türk çağlarının erken dönemlerinde de kaybetmeyen Kastamonu, 14. yy.' m sonlarına doğru; Candaroğullan Beyliği döneminden itibaren sınırlarım genişleterek önemli bir ticari ve kültürel merkez durumuna gelmiştir. 15. yy. ortalarında Osmanlı hakimiyetine giren kent önemli bir siyasi ve ticari konuma sahip olmuş, mimari yapılanma da bu konumun gerektirdiği şekilde gelişmiştir. 18. yy. sonuna kadar hemen hemen geleneksel bir çizgi gösteren mimari yapı aynı zamanda kent tarihini de özetler. Kastamonu, merkezinde çarşısı, şehir içi ve dışındaki büyük külliyeleri, han, hamam, mescit, medrese ve türbe gibi anıtları, bu anıtların aralarına serpiştirilmiş konutları ve tarihi çekirdeğin hakim bir noktasında konumlanan iç kalesiyle karakteristik bir Türk şehridir. Bu mimari doku, 19. yy.' m ikinci yarısındaki idari reformlar döneminde ve 20. yy. başında şehrin görüntüsüne yeni bir anlayış kazandıran bir yapı üslubuyla beraber yeni mimari unsurlarla günümüze bağlanmıştır. Kastamonu kültürel bir sürekliliğe sahip ve kentsel tarihin evriminin gözlemlenebileceği yerleşimlerden biridir. Ancak bugün önlem alınmazsa bu kültürel sürekliliğini kaybetme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıyadır. Sıradanlaşma sürecinin başladığı kentlerden biri olan ve özgün özellikler yüklü Kastamonu'da yapılan yeni yollar ve bu yolların çevresinde yoğunlaşan sanayi ve göçlerle ne doğa ne de kültürel miras varlığım daha fazla sürdürebilecektir. Kastamonu'daki bu özgün yapıyı korumaya yönelik örgütlerin eksikliği söz konusudur. Bu tezde amaç, günümüzde kentsel kimliğini kaybetmekte olan Kastamonu' nun sahip olduğu kültür mirasından biri olan Kastamonu Saray Hamamı' nı, yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların ışığında yeniden kent yaşamına katmak konusunda bir örnek oluşturmaktır. Kastamonu Saray Hamamı, Kastamonu' daki diğer hamamlarla hem plan şeması hem de mimari boyutu açısından oldukça farklılıklar gösteren, adından da anlaşılacağı üzere, Kastamonu' daki diğer hamamlar gibi halk hamamı değil bugün herhangi bir izine rastlanılamayan bir saraya ait olabileceği düşünülen 17 yy. sonu, 1 8. yy. başı Osmanlı dönemine ait özel bir hamamdır. Sunulan çalışma bu yapı üzerinde monografik bir etüd; yapıyı, tarihi, tipolojik, işlevsel, yapısal ve bezeme özellikleriyle tanımlamayı, yorumlamayı ve yapının Kastamonu kent yaşamındaki yerini almasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlayan bir çalışmadır. XVIII
Özet (Çeviri)
THE RESTORATION PROJECT FOR SARAY BATH IN KASTAMONU SUMMARY Kastamonu is an old city located in Northwest Anatolia to the north of Mount Ugaz, nearby a deep valley created by Kastamonu Brook. Founded in ancient times and lived under the sovereignty of many states throughout, it bears the traces of the Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans. Not losing its characteristic of being a typical Byzantine fortified town until the early Turkish era, Kastamonu began to expand its borders as from the Candarogullari Principality era in the late 14th century, and became an important commercial and cultural center. After having been taken by the Ottomans in the mid- 15th century it gradually became an important political and commercial city, and its physical environment developed accordingly. Developing until the end of 18th century in an almost traditional manner, its physical development also reflects the city's history. Kastamonu is a typical Turkish city thanks to such urban monuments as its downtown marketplace, big mosques and related premises, inns, public baths, theological schools, domed tombs, houses spread between the said monuments, and its the historic core of the city is within the inner fortress. This architectural heritage was enriched with the new architectural styles appeared during the administrative reforms carried out in the second half of the 19th century and modern styles appearing in the early 20th century. Kastamonu is a city preserving its cultural heritage where its urban evolution can be observed from the monuments which are historical landmarks. However, now it faces the risk of losing its cultural heritage unless urgent measures are taken. New roads, industrial sites built around them and intense migration are about to turn it into an ordinary modern city, as a result of which it will not be able to preserve its natural or cultural heritage. There are no non-governmental organizations in Kastamonu aiming to protect its original structure. Private Saray bath is one of the cultural landmarks of Kastamonu which is gradually loosing its urban character. Being different from the other local baths in terms of its plan scheme and architectural dimensions, Saray Bath is a private bath belonging to the late 17th - early 18th century Ottoman era. This thesis is a monographic study on the above mentioned building aiming to define and interpret it from historical, typological, functional, constructional and decorative viewpoints and to underline its importance in terms of the urban life in Kastamonu. Chapter One points out that this thesis aims to determine how can the private bath in question be revitalized in accordance with its cultural and architectural XIXidentity, and how can it be re-used by respecting that integrity. It is an introduction containing a summary of the subjects explained in this thesis. Chapter Two explains the method employed during the measurement stage, and consists of three headings: plan, sections and facades. Conventional methods have been applied for the architectural survey. All horizontal dimensions were measured with reference to a horizontal datum line, while the roof and dome dimensions were reflected on the plan by the projecting plumb lines from different points upon the horizontal datum line. The way the vertical dimensions were measured is explained under the headings“Section and Facade”. A zero datum line was applied to all spaces of the building and vertical dimensions were measured in regard to this reference by employing conventional methods. At the end of chapter two, it is explained how were material- oriented sections belonging to different construction phases and the bath's significant equipments were measured, photographed and videotaped. Chapter three evaluates the building in terms of the traditional Turkish bath style and vernacular housing architecture. This chapter consists of two sections titled“Turkish Baths”and“Kastamonu Vernacular Architecture”, the former consists of four sub-sections titled“Definitions and History”,“Divisions and Functions”,“Kastamonu Baths”, and“The Significance of Saray Bath”. The sub-section titled“Definition and History”explains people have been building structures for their body care and cleaning since ancient times in parallel with their traditions and religious rules and underlines the relevant spatial layout, typological development, functional structure and planned grouping factors. The sub-section titled“Divisions and Functions”evaluates the spatial layout characteristics and functions of the Ottoman baths. Turkish baths have been reviewed in functional and spatial layout terms in three categories : public baths, private baths and spas. The sub-section titled“Kastamonu Baths”focuses on the architectural structure of Kastamonu and which materials were used in the structures of the baths and aims to collect data from the plans and historic records for reconstitution works. The last sub-section, titled“Definition and History”, concludes that Saray Bath is a private (or palace) bath, and its plan and architectural features indicate that it was built in the late 17th - early 18th century and it is a very plain example resembling the early Turkish bath style. The second part, titled“Kastamonu Vernacular Architecture”, focuses on the subject in three sub-sections titled“Definition”,“Divisions and Functions”,“Significance in Terms of Kastamonu Housing Architecture”. XXThe sub-section definition reviews the materials, building systems, structural properties, decorative properties and spatial layout of the houses in Kastamonu and West Black Sea region. The sub-section“Divisions and Functions”reviews the houses in terms of their rooms, halls and service spaces, analyzes the relationships between their materials, construction techniques, structures and spaces and concludes that the housing premises of“Saray Hamam”were built by employing the local construction techniques in a very plain and simple manner. Chapter Four focuses on the history of Kastamonu“Saray Hamamı”and its surroundings. It consists of two parts titled“Historic and Physical Development of the City”and“History of the Building”. The first part tells the civilizations that lived in the city over the ages since the Byzantine era, and reviews the monuments left by them, while the second part asserts that Saray Bath is a private bath built in the late 17th-early 18th century bearing the main characteristics of the Ottoman architecture. Chapter five defines the building in terms of all of its properties. It consists of two parts titled“Environmental Description”and“Structural Description”, the former lists the streets, roads and important structures located within the administrative and cultural center of Kastamonu. The second part consists of six sub sections titled“Functional Description”,“Structural Description”,“Construction Techniques and Materials”,“Structural Components”,“Installations”and“Facades”. The sub-section“Functional Description”explains the functions of the housing premises and bath premises. The housing premises consist of ZOl (entrance), Z02 (paved court), Z03 (room), Z04 (stable), 101 (room 3), 192 (hall), 103 (room 2), 104 (room 1), 105 (toilet) and 106 (kitchen); while the bath premises consist of HZ01 (apodyterium), HZ02 (entrance hall), HZ03 (toilet), HZ04 (tepidarium), HZ05 (caldarium), HZ06 (private room 1), HZ07 (private room 2), HZ08 (private room 3), HZ09 (hot water tank) and HZ 10 (caldarium). The sub-section“Structural Description”explains that“Saray Hamam”was built of stone in the first construction phase, HZ01 (apodyterium) was built of stone with rubble stone walls containing wood supports in the second construction phase, the housing premises were built of rubble stone filling a timber frame in the third construction phase, and all portions have timber roof. The sub-section“Construction Techniques and Materials”reviews the construction techniques and the types of materials used. A monumental structural system and such strong construction materials as stone and brick walls and khorasan plaster were used in the first period, while local construction techniques and materials were used in the second and third periods in the building's historical development. The sub-section“Structural Components”is divided into two headings titled“Housing Premises”and“Bath Premises”, and the former heading is divided into four sub-headings titled“Windows”,“Doors”,“Cupboards and Stoves”, while the XXIsecond heading is divided into three sub-headings titled“Windows”,“Doors and Marble Basins”. This sub-section reviews the typology, details and materials of the structural components. The sub-section“Installations”contains technical information about the bath and is divided into two parts titled“Heating”and“Water”. The first part explains how the bath was heated. The second part explains from where water is distributed to the premises, how it is distributed to the tanks and marble basins, and how waste water is disposed. The sub-section“Facades”reviews the details of Saray Bath's northeast, northwest, southwest and southeast facades. Chapter Six reviews the deteriadrations of the building. It is divided into two headings titled“Housing Premises”and“Bath Premises”. Each heading is divided into two sub-headings titled“Intrinsic Causes of Decay”and“Extrinsic Causes of Decay”. The sub-heading“Intrinsic Causes of Decay”explains the damages arising from the intrinsic problems of the building and adverse geo-topographic conditions, while the sub-heading“Extrinsic Causes of Decay”reviews the effects of the environmental factors (i.e. climate, foundation soil, etc.) and human provoked deteriorations“ of the structural system and materials. Chapter Seven explains why and how reconstitution studies were made; as a result of which the bath premises, dressing premises and housing premises were built in the first, second and third periods respectively. This chapter consists of two parts titled ”Physical Evidence Derived From The Object“ and ”Extrinsic Evidence“. The first part reviews the plannimetry, materials and structural systems of the building, and is divided into two sub-sections titled ”Functional Properties“ and ”Structural Properties“. The second part examines data collected from extrinsic sources, and is divided into two sub-sections titled ”Literature and Anological Approach“. These sub-sections examine how the data collected from certain documents (records and photographs) and from other baths in and around Kastamonu and other Ottoman baths can be used for reconstitution studies. Chapter Eight explains the restoration proposals for the building. It is divided into three parts titled ”Reasons for the Re-Use“, ”Proposals of Interventions“ and ”The Re-Use Proposal“. The first part asserts that the building should be protected not only by means of repairs, but also by assigning a suitable function to the building in order to enable it to be a part of public life, and that such a new function might be a museum or a cultural center. This part consists of two sub-sections titled ”Evaluation in terms of Volumetric Capacity“, and ”Evaluation in terms of Technical Capacity“, and the said sub-sections examine the suitability of the new function with the building's architectural dimensions and technical properties, and the necessary new remedies. The part ”Proposals for the Interventions“ focuses on repair methods to be employed for restoration, and is divided into five sub-sections titled ”Indirect Conservation“ (preservation of the existing state), ”Cleaning“, ”Consolidation“, ”Re- XXIIIntegration“ and ”Reconstruction“. The first sub-section explains what precautions should be taken in order to conserve the building's materials and structure, how should ground water be drained, and how should the materials be repaired in situ. The sub-section ”Cleaning“ suggests soil and debris in the building should be removed and deteriadrations on the plaster surface of the bath should be cleaned. The sub-section ”Consolidation“ explains how should the building's structure and materials be consolidated. The sub-section ”Re-Integration“ suggests that the missing parts of the building should be completed with reference to the data collected for the reconstitution studies. The sub-section ”Reconstruction" reviews how should the collapsed roof of the building be reconstructed. XXIII
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