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Tekstil fabrikasında buhar devrelerinin dizaynı

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 56035
  2. Yazar: CEVDET KARASU
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. OSMAN F. GENCELİ
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1996
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 94

Özet

ÖZET Bu çalışmada, tekstil fabrikasında buhar devrelerinin dizaynını yapabilmek için, sanayiinin pek çok dalında önemli bir yer tutan“buhar”ın tekstil alanında kullanım sahaları, tekstil fabrikasına pamuk olarak giren hammaddenin konfeksiyon ürünü olarak elde edilinceye kadar uğramış olduğu pamuk ve tekstil prosesleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. 8u bilgilerin ışığında, bir tekstil fabrikasına ait buhar santralında bulunması gereken cihaz ve donanımlar hakkında da detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca klasik buhar kazanlı buhar santralleri yanında, birleşik ısı güç üretim sistemleri ve prosesleri hakkında da detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir. Tekstil fabrikasına ait örnek bir proje yardımı ile fabrikadaki buhar sarfiyatları ile fabrika buhar santralı ve buhar devrelerinin dizaynı yapılmıştır. vııı

Özet (Çeviri)

DESIGNING OF STEAM LINES IN TEXTILE FACTORY SUMMARY Recently, the cotton has been the most production and consumption raw material of textile industry. For this reason, cotton products have a large market in the world. In this study, for designing of steam lines of a textile complex which have a lot of factories such as cotton-gin, absorbent cotton, yarn-knitting and ready-made clothes etc., firstly, cotton and textile processings have been examined in details. The cotton and textile processing are shown on Figure 1 and Figure.2. as flow charts. Before starting to examine the steam lines and usages, the textile basic processes are examined in detail. Chapter -2 covers the basic processes of making fiber, yam and fabric, various types of air-conditioning systems used in textile manufacturing plants and cotton processes from field to ready-made clothes. In textile complex, steam has been using during drying of yarn and tissue, dyeing and printing of textile products and heating and air conditioning of the textile plant. After cotton-gin works, oil production of cotton seed and absorbent cotton production ( it means cotton is being water sucking ) has became important processes. Softened water is also important for textile complex as well as steam. It is need during washing and dyeing process of yarn and tissues, process in dyehouses, and as feedwater for steam boilers and air-condition system. IXRaw cotton I Figure. 1. Cotton processes flow sheet.In this thesis, after examining of cotton and textile processes, the kind of steam plants are also examined. In Chapter-4, the classical steam plants with steam boilers have been comparing with cogeneration systems. To determine the differences and advantages of both systems, their main components are need to examine. As an example, steam plant and steam lines of a large textile complex are designed. The layout of textile complex is shown on Figure. 3 Most textile manufacturing processes may be put into one of three general classifications : (1) synthetic fiber manufacturing is divided into staple processing, tow-to-top conversion, and continous fiber processing, (2) yarn making is divided into spinning and twisting, (3) fabric making is divided into weaving and knitting. All of them are considered in Chapter-2. Chapter-4 covers the classical steam boilers and its major components such as water softeners, degasser, condensate tank etc. and cogeneration systems. Cogeneration, or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation, is sequential use of a primary energy source to produce two forms of energy- heat and power - at the same time. The conventional power supply- separate generation of electricity in thermal power stations, and of heat in boilers - pollutes the environment and is uneconomical because approximately 75 % of the energy input is lost as waste heat However, the waste heat which results during the generation of electricity by means of a gas engine and generator could largely be utilized by heat exchangers and used for various heating purposes. The simultaneous generation of heat and electricity by gas-operated CHP plants achieves a total efficiency of about %90. Thus, the portion of energy losses is minimized. A cogeneration system consists of five major components as engine or turbine as a prime mover, generator, heat exchangers, hydraulic interconnections and function. XIOPENİNG AND PICKING Cotton 55-70% RH Man Made :50-55% RH CARDING Cotton : 55-55%RH Man Made : 50-60% RH SLİVER LAPPING Cotton :55-60%RH Man Made : 55-65% RH RIBBON LAPPING Cotton :55-60%RH Man Made : 55-65% RH COMBING Cotton :55-65%RH Man Made : 55-65% RH DRAWING Cotton :50-60%RH Man Made : 50-60% RH * ROVING Cotton :50-60%RH Man Made : 50-60% RH I I SPINNING Cotton :35-60%RH Man Made : 50-65% RH WINDING AND SPOOLING Cotton :55-65%RH Man Made : 60-65% RH J TWISTING Cotton :60-65%RH Man Made : 50-65% RH I WARPING Cotton :55-70%RH Man Made : 50-60% RH I w ii v SLASHING KNITTING Cotton :55-60%RH Man Made : 55-65% RH WEAVING Cotton : 70-87% RH Man Made : 60-70% RH FINISHING w a: m m u_ o. O »T O »T O (3 F OT I o s O ü. a: LU m u. co => O z Z O O Flgure.2. Textile Process Flow Chart and Ranges of Humidity. XilOil production from the cotton seed is also examined. Process flow sheet is shown on Figure.4. Cotton seed can be used only as animal feed because of containing a high oil value ( %17 ). Application of a special treatment, cotton oil and its by-products such as soap, hull and meal are obtained. Process of oil production of cotton seed is consisting the following steps ; Cotton seeds are passed from the air sifter and cleaned from the foreign mat-ters. Short and thin cotton fibres on seeds that cotton-gin machine couldn't separate are separated with linter machine. Separated fibers can be used as a cellulose raw material for cosmetic and explotion dye industry. Cleaned seeds are crushed and hull are separated with machine. Hulls can be used for animal feed. Almonds of the seeds are pressed. With the help of the pressure of pressing and the heat of steam, cotton oil is obtained, meal storage is used for animal feed. Oil which is obtained with this methode, is dark color and heavy smell. It can be sold for margarine. It must be rafined to use for cooking. At the first stage of rafine, oil is washed with water and costic. During this process, heavy oils will made soap with costic. After rafined process, the smell of oil are removed with heating under vacuum using superheated vapor. Oil obtained with this methode, are packed to sell. The other process used of steam is producing absorbent cotton. The process flow sheet of absorbent cotton production is shown Figure. 5. In this process, cotton is heated in boiler (otoklav) with 3- 6 atü pressured steam. In this study, the main and auxiliary equipments of the boiler room has been examined. Steam boilers and equipments, water softeners and degasser are considered. XIIII o 09 i u o o H I fa 8 u 3 I enAll steam consumptions points in the textile complex are determined and steam boilers and softened water capacity are chosen. With the help of steam flowrates, steam and condensate lines of the example textile complex are designed. On the other side, both classical and CHP sytsems are compared considering the total cost and efficiency. xv

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