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The Politics of identity building- The Case of Kizilay Square and Taksim Republic Square

공공 공간을 통한 정체성 구축의 정치:터키 크즐라이 광장과 탁심 광장을 사례로

  1. Tez No: 609143
  2. Yazar: ESENGÜL DANIŞAN
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. JUNG HYUN JOO
  4. Tez Türü: Doktora
  5. Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2019
  8. Dil: İngilizce
  9. Üniversite: Seoul National University of Science and Technology
  10. Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 235

Özet

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Özet (Çeviri)

This dissertation explores the role of ideologies in the production of space while constructing national identity. In this regard, Kizilay Square and Taksim Republic Square, which have been dominated by two contending ideologies in return in two different periods, have been chosen for the case study. On the one hand, the secular nationalist ideology of the Republic regime constructed these two squares as the symbolic spaces of secular, modern, and westernised identity. On the other hand, in the following years political Islam created visible religion-related identities in these two squares. Moreover, these two squares have been witnessed to several uprisings, social movements, political tensions and in accordance to those have been transformed regarding in form, function, and meaning. In the Early Republican Era, the dominant ideology has tried to build a national identity by crowning the city squares with monuments as the culmination of commemorating and celebrating a patriotic history for national purposes. To represent the new regime and its ideals, Ankara was declared as the new capital city of the Turkish Republic, and following this decision, various serious initiatives were undertaken to design the new capital city. Moreover, Istanbul, as a representative of the old regime of the Ottoman Empire, was slated for a redesign in which its Ottoman-Islamic heritage was deliberately denied. More specifically, Kizilay Square in Ankara and Taksim Republic Square in Istanbul are the prominent squares of those periods where the dominant ideology works to rebuild the national identity. In the Early Republican Era from 1923 until the 1950s when secular Turkish nationalism dominated other contending ideologies, state and religion were separated, and the state claimed for itself a hegemonic status in interpreting and representing the national history and identity by constructing the national space. With the rise of political Islam in the 1980s, Islamic ideology became the dominant one. While ii attempts were made to rebuild the national identity as a synthesis of Turkish and Muslim in the squares, the built environment changed dramatically. In this respect, the role of ideologies in placemaking the experience to fit national identities will be discussed and the competing strategies of these two contending ideologies will be illustrated. In order to elevate some histories privileged over others, urban squares with monuments can be powerful agents of erasure, forgetting or remembrance. This thesis addresses how national identity works through and on urban squares and how aspects of such spaces and their landscapes reflect on to the national identity. This includes the role that ideologies and their spatial policies play in the representation and performance of such identities through the use and construction of those spaces. This dissertation tries to bring together three overlapping arguments about the relationship between national identity, ideology and the production of public space. First, the discursive meaning is constructed by spatial context. In this respect, with its landscape and spatial narration, urban squares are used to connect individuals to the nation. Second, ideologies keep struggling over and on the public space in order to take command over society. Finally, the official and practical uses of urban squares in ways both reinforce the dominant ideology and undermine the contending ideologies. These arguments are supported by examples from two squares, with a focus on how they have been built and rebuilt by ideologies to define or promulgate the national identity. Keyword : ideology, the production of space, national identity, public space, secular nationalist ideology, Islamic ideology Student Number : 2015-31366

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