Farklı konut bölgelerinde çocuk oyun alanlarının kullanıcılarca algılanması ve değerlendirilmesi
The Users perception and evaluation of children play environment in different residential areas
- Tez No: 66543
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. DÜLGER TÜRKOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Peyzaj Planlama Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 75
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada İstanbul'un planlı konut alanları içinde yer alan iki bölgede çocuk oyun alanları çocuklar ve yetişkinler tarafından değerlendirilerek karşılaştırılmaktadır. Birinci alan şehrin merkez bölgesinde yer alan Beşiktaş- Abbasağa bölgesi, ikinci alan ise şehrin gelişme alanında yer alan Ataköy 9. kısımdan seçilmiş bir bölgedir. Kullanıcıların çocuk oyun alanlarını değerlendirmeleri anket yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Değişkenler iki grupta toplanmıştır. Birinci grup değişkenler kullanıcıların sosyo-ekonomik yapısını tesbit eden değişkenlerdir. İkinci grup değişkenler ise kullanıcıların çevrelerini değerlendirmeye ilişkin değişkenlerdir. Birinci Bölüm Giriş Bölümüdür. Bu bölümde konunun amacı ve önemi anlatılmaktadır. İkinci Bölümde; oyun ve mekan kavramı incelenmektedir. Oyun olgusunun çocuklar üzerindeki önemi ve kazandırdığı deneyimler ile gerçekleşebilmesi için gerekli olan çevre üzerinde durulmaktadır. Yine bu bölümde; çocuk oyun alanlarının hangi ihtiyaçlardan doğduğu, tarihi süreçte Avrupa ve Amerika'daki gelişimi ile bu konuda yapılmış araştırmalar ve bu araştırmalarda ortaya çıkan oyun alanlarının kullanımını etkileyen çeşitli faktörler incelenmektedir. Üçüncü Bölümde; her iki bölgede de uygulanan anket formunun nasıl oluşturulduğu ve örneklem bölgesindeki çocuk oyun alanlarının kullanıcılarca nasıl değerlendirildiğini ölçen değişkenler, haritalar ile anlatılmaktadır. Dördüncü Bölümde; bir önceki bölümde oluşturulan karşılaştırmalı tablolardan elde edilen sonuçlar, çalışmanın bütünü göz önüne alınarak değerlendirilmekte ve sonuca varılmaktadır.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE USERS PERCEPTION AND EVALUATION OF CHILDREN PLAY ENVIRONMENT IN DIFFERENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS It has been more than a century that among the housing environment activities, child play areas are included in the housing areas child. Play areas are today indispensible elements of housing areas too. Child play areas have important role in development of both behavior and creativity of children. In another saying, child play areas have great importance in children's education and development. Having in mind that today child play areas are indispensible parts of housing areas, especially starting from regarding the planning of child play areas. Children, being a part of the town until the 20 th. Century, starting from this century have been isolated from the town. Getting separated from open town areas, they have moved to special areas such as school gardens, play sites. As living the troublesome situation in child town relations, the interest in the subject is growing. In the old town districts the deficiency of child areas and vehicles using the streets are reducing the children's opportunity to play. In the new town areas like suberbs and satelite towns child areas are away from town texture and isolated from regional main areas. Children can not format the environment as they wish while before planning in the streets, dotay there are child play areas with new equipment. XIAccording to many researches it has been found out that there is a connection between child play habits and their play sites. Moreover, it has been observed that children use the areas other then the ones planned for them as play sites. Towns have the necessity of open areas, need play stes as well. Play sites are developed ope areas. They are prepared especially for children to play. But at the same time they cover the town's green area necessity. In reality, all open areas are being used as play sites by the children. Aside being secured play areas, child play sites are helpful in children's education and developing their planning ability. The main purpose in constructing play sites in not only child education; it also helps their parents to improve their neighborhood relations. The objective of this research is to observe how to children and youth use the urban open areas in two different housing districts of Istanbul and to evaluate the relation between child play habits and the areas. The first area is Abbasağa region of Beşiktaş which is situated in the center of the town the second area is chosen among one of the town's developing parts, Ataköy 9th section. Beşiktaş Abbasağa open areas children to street life. The buildings have average 5 floors. Since Ataköy 9th section is planned as housing estate, the play grounds and the other open areas around are quantitatively sufficient and they show diversity. Although some 5 floor blocks can be seen in working areas, the blocks are mostly 15 floor high. Users evaluation of children play grounds are made with survey method. The first group of variables are ones which determines the social economic structure of users. These are sex, civil status, age, place of birth, family income and period of their stay in Istanbul. The second group of variables are the ones to xuevaluate the users environment. These variables for child age groups are play types, chosen play sites and the satisfaction for play grounds; for grown ups are security, suitability, being a right environment to grow up children and general satisfaction. The first chapter is introduction. Here the aim and the importance of the subject is told. In the second chapter the play and the area concepts are being examined. The importance of“play”on the children and the experience they gain though it and the necessary environment it need is being observed. There are diversity between the children's and the grown-ups perception and using their environment. The major difference is in usage of areas. For grownups functions such as to go to B from A or parking lots are valuable, children perceive streets in another way. They see the electrical columns, pavements, electric wires, parking cars, trees, stairs, walls, car ways, bus stops, post boxes, traffic signs as elements of their plays. The environmental value of the streets are not measured according to easy traffic or free parking lots but with the existence of the above objects. Still the impacts of the traffic on the ability to play in the streets can not be denied. Some children are pushed out to streets due to the deficiency in other play areas. However even if there are play areas, still some are appealed by the streets because all the children want to be where the movement is. Streets are places where social life goes on, trees grown up, dogs bark. Streets are areas to make new friendships, and to make the first step through inter-cultural relations. Today its been observed that playing activities have great effect on children's social and individual development. Its been also observed that the planning of play sites have effects on playing habits. Child play sites can be in the parks or XUlindividually in town as well. They vary according to the child age or their function. They can be grouped into two. 1. Child play sites according to age groups. 2. Child play sites according to play type. Again in this chapter the necessity for the child play areas, the development in Europe and America, researches on this subject and the various factors influencing the usage of play areas are being examined. First time in 1808 in Boston USA a school garden has been specified as child play area. In 1890 it been legalized by low to provide child play areas in housing areas planning in USA. When many children die of traffic accidents while playing in the streets in New York in the beginning of the 20 th. Century, children's playing in the streets has been forbidden and any child play areas have been planned and built. The development of child play areas in Europe marks and the same time with America. Some are traditional and some are without equipment Denmark is considered to be the leader country in the development of child play areas in 1 9 th. Century. Its been a must to have child play areas in projects by low in Denmark. In the third chapter the methodology of the survey in both regions, the examples, and the evaluation of the child play areas by the users are being examined by maps. Some tables are prepared by the outcome of the survey according to age groups, sex, education, income level, profession groups, like demographic criteria. XIVAtaköy 9 th. and 10 th sections are planned housing areas build by Türkiye Emlak Bankası. Beside the child play areas, sports areas, platforms, recreation areas are included in the open areas. Where as Beşiktaş Abbasağa region is chosen as a traditional town. In this region child play areas and sports areas are not planned and sufficient. The dates examined in this research has been obtained by the surveys in both regions. Surveys are performed not only with children but with all the members of the family. Moreover, a map is added to each survey. In Beşiktaş region surveys are performed with 72 families of 203 people. In Ataköy region surveys are performed with 64 families of 178 people. The surveys in Beşiktaş are done in September-October 1996, and in Ataköy in October-November 1996. The survey consists of two parts. The first part consists of the demographic specifications of the family such as civil status, security, age, place of birth, education, profession, income. The second part is about the variable to evaluate to child play sites according age groups. In the fourth chapter the results obtained from the tables are evaluated and a conclusion s arrived. Examining the factors which the children and the families prefer, advises are given for the planning of child play sites in organized areas. XV
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