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İki kademeli helisel redüktörlerinin parametrik tasarımı

Parametric desing of two state helical gear box

  1. Tez No: 66590
  2. Yazar: UĞUR PEHLİVANOĞLU
  3. Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. TALAT TEVRUZ
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1997
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Konstrüksiyon Bilim Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 112

Özet

ÖZET Bu çalışmada helisel dişli, kama, rulmanlı yatak, mil gibi makine elemanlarının parametrik tasarımı yapılmış, bunların tümleşik uygulamasıyla da iki kademeli helisel dişli redüktörlerin parametrik tasarımı elde edilmiştir. Çalışma, hesaplama ve çizim bölümü olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Hesaplama bölümünde Visiual Basic 3.00 Professional Edition programı, çizim bölümünde ise AutoCAD allında çalışan AutoLisp programı kullanılmıştır. İki programda Windows işletim sistemi altoda çalışmaktadır. Programlar arasındaki bilgi alışverişi, hesaplama programı tarafından oluşturulan sabit disk üzerindeki dosyalarla gerçekleştirilir. Böyle bir ayrıma gidilmesinin nedeni, AutoLisp programının hesaplama ve gerekli değerlerin girilmesindeki yetersizliğidir. Oysa bu işlemler, Visual Basic programı kullanarak daha kolay gerçekleştirilmiş ve iyi bir arabirim (Interface) elde edilmiştir. Bu ayrımın dezavantajları, Windows işletim sisteminin sağlamış olduğu aynı anda birden fazla programı çakıştırabilme özelliği sayesinde büyük oranda giderilmiştir. Problemin makine elemanları seviyesinde ele alınması ve özel çözümlerden kaçınılması sayesinde program aynı zamanda herhangi bir yerde bulunan helisel dişli, rulmanlı yatak ve kamanın parametrik tasarımım da mümkün kılmaktadır. İstenildiği takdirde programa yeni modüller hazır olan bazı alt programların sayesinde rahatlıkla eklenebilir. Çalışmada ayrıca, millerde meydana gelen eğilme, burulma ve bileşik momenti içeren moment diyagramları, Excel 7.0'ın altoda Visual Basic kullanarak oluşturulmuş makrolar yardımı ile elde edilmiştir. Grafik isimli Excel dosyasına girilerek bu grafikler İncelenebilir. Tezin hesaplama bölümünde makine elemanlarının hangi kıstasa göre hesaplandığı, ekler bölümünde ise, program yer almaktadır. ıx

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY Computer is one of the most important invention in this century. It affects human life, the style of thinking deeply and it will affect in the future more. In engineering area, design and manufacturing that is base of engineering is made by using Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). CAD provides easy drawing of engineering drawing. In addition, it provides all over design of products, automation at design, parametric design, analyze with finite element method etc. Parametric design is examined in this study. Parts like machine elements, standard parts have much parameter and are needed to draw their engineering drawing very often. Verifying these kinds of drawings automatically is called as parametric design. Since AutoCad is well known and it supplied parametric design, it is used as a CAD program in this study. There are two ways for parametric design in AutoCad applications. l.To form DXF/SCR files 2,To use AutoLisp or ADS programs DXF is an ASCII file that transfers drawing between AutoCad and other CAD system. It consists of standard data about drawing components. SCR is also ASCII file but it consists of combining Autocad commands. DXF or SCR files can be formed any programming language (PASCAL, C, BASIC, FORTRAN etc.). These programming languages take drawing parameter as input information and after the needed calculations, DXF or SCR files are formed. AutoCad use these files to convert to drawing. AutoLisp and ADS are program that is executable under AutoCad. Because ADS is more complex than Autolisp, AutoLisp was selected as programming language. As making Engineering calculations with Visual Basic (VB) is easier and more efficient than AutoLisp* it was used as second programming language. Visual Basic has two parts. The“Visual”part refers to the method used to create the graphical user interface (GUI). Rather than writing numerous lines of code to describe the appearance and location of interface elements, you simply drag and drop prebuilt objects into place on screen. The“Basic”part refers to the BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) language, a language used by more programmers than any other language in the history of computing. Visual Basic has completed from the original BASIClanguage and contains several hundred statements, functions, and keywords, many of which relate directly to the Windows GUI. The Visual Basic programming language is not unique to Visual Basic. The Visual Basic programming system, Applications Edition included in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and many other Windows applications use the same language. Excel file“Grafik.xls”is example for this property of Visual Basic in this study. This file formed with making Excel macros to obtain diagrams of moment occurs on shafts (Figure 1). Visual Basic is used to make these macros. 80O0O0 J 400000- -400000 Distance beetween Bearings (mm) Figure 1: Moment diagrams of shaft As helical gear box forms from machine elements, the problem was taken charge of as a machine element's problem. With this way, not only parametric design of helical gear boxer's but also some machine elements like bearing, helical gear, cam can be made. Program has also material library so that no needing information about mechanical properties of material. Program has two parts. First part includes engineering calculations. This part is carried out a Windows program produced by using Visual Basic Professional Edition 3.00. After inputting design parameters, it calculates dimensions of machine element or parts of two degree helical gear box. Calculated data are written on hard disk as data files. Then, they are read by second part of program that is produced with AutoLisp to convert to drawing. Second part includes single and integrated programs. If it is wanted, it is no necessary to use first part of program. Drawing can be also get with entering dimensions by means of single program (This section is not supported for helical gear box. It is valid for bearings, cylindrical gears and cams.). For example, if it is wanted to draw conical bearing just entering its standard symbol xiis enough. Integrated program is generated from combining single programs to get second part of parametric design of two degree helical gear box. Main structure of program is given in Figure 2. WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT Desing parameters Visual Basic windows application program Hard Disk Manually entering dimension of element Entegreted AutoLisp program Single AutoLisp programs Drawing of Helical Gear box Drawing of Cylihdracal gear, bearing, cam AUTOCAD ENVIRONMENT! i. i Figure 2: Main structure of program Visual Basic programs present in main program (Tez.mak) file and its properties;. Hlsd.frm; forms helical gear input interface; properties and design parameters of helical gear are determined at this form.. Dmlz.frm; Mechanical values of gear material are determined. It has 30 different gear material. xu. Hlsdrpr.frm; shows result of gear calculation.. Kama.frm; forms cam input and output interface; properties and design parameters of cam are determined at this form.. Ko.frm; It is interface to assign value of working coefficient of gear.. Partas.frrn; It is main menu that consists of pop up menus. It forms background of program.. Rdktr.frm; forms input interface for two degree helical gear box; properties and design parameters it is determined at this form.. Rlmnmnu.rrm; forms bearing input interface; properties and design parameters of bearing are determined at this form.. Rlmrpr.frm; It shows result of bearing calculation and its catalog properties.. Rlmbas; it selects bearing from catalog data according to inputting design parameters.. Mil. bas; it defines dimensions of tree shafts of gear box according to inputting design parameters.. DislLbas; it defines dimensions of gear pair according to inputting design parameters.. Ciz.bas; it converts results to drawing parameter and writes on hard disk to use by AutoLisp program. AutoLisp programs and its properties;. Gear box.lsp: It is integrated program by using single program given below. It draws mounting drawing of gear box.. Ebrlm.Lsp, Kmrlm.lsp, SbrlmXsp, Obrlm.Lsp.Smrlm.lsp are draw different type of bearing shown in figure 3. They support approximately five hundred bearings at five types (figure 3). This number can be increased by adding new catalog information in to their *.datfile. ssss Bszd JZZZZJ PZZZffl ^ss sssm ^^ 2ZBB& 2ZZ2&. ssss sss nrn stage bezh Figure 3: Supported bearing types Mill.lsp, Mil2.1sp, MiB.lsp; draw first, second and third shafts of gearbox according to data on hard disk. (Figure 4) xni3- --EE3- Figııre 4 : Shafts of gear box. Kama.lsp; it draws cam by entering dimension of it.. Gear.lsp; draws cross section drawing of gear at three types (figure 4) 1 ^ Figure 5: Supported gear types As a result of this study; 1. Tests show that parametric design save much time considering conventional design procedures. It is about five per cent for this study 2. It is understood that parametric design of standard parts, basic machine elements are more efficient than complex machine if creation is important. Because, shapes getting with parametric design are similar to each other. In most cases, only dimensions are different. Creation is properties of human. Computers could not be creative as human yet. xiv

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