Türkiye'deki bankacılık sistemi ve AT sistemine entegrasyonu
Turkish banking system and its integration to European Community system
- Tez No: 66855
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. MEHMET BOLAK
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Bankacılık, Mühendislik Bilimleri, Banking, Engineering Sciences
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İşletme Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 90
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada Türk Bankacılık sisteminin Avrupa Birliği'ne uyum için ne kadar hazır olduğu sorusuna cevap verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Her ne kadar rekabet edebilme gücüne sahip gibi görünse de bir çok eksiklikleri vardır. Bunları daha iyi görebilmek için Türk bankacılık sisteminin tarihi ve yapısal gelişimi incelenmiş, kullanılan finansal ürünlere ve sunulan hizmetlere değinilmiş, Avrupa Ekonomik Birliği ve Türk Bankalar kanunu karşılaştırılarak yasal açıdan benzerlik ve farklılıklar belirlenmiş ve Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin bankalarıyla Türk bankalarının oranlar yöntemiyle finansal analizi yapılmıştır. Bu bilgiler ışığında Türk bankacılık sisteminin Avrupa Birliği pazarına ancak Türk ekonomisi istikrarlı olursa, Türk Lirası tamamen konvertibl olursa, bankaların maliyetleri azaltılırsa ve kamu bankalarının bankacılık sektöründeki baskınlıkları biterse hazır olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. ıx
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY TURKISH BANKING SYSTEM AND ITS INTEGRATION TO EUROPEAN COMMUNITY SYSTEM The aim of this thesis“Turkish Banking System and Its Integration to European Community System”is to make clear if Turkish Banking System is ready in case that Turkey becomes a full member of European Community. In the second chapter there is a short look at the history of Turkish Banking System. The historical development of Turkish Banking system is examined in five different periods. First the banking system before 1847, second during 1847-1875, third during 1875-1908, fourth during 1908-1923 and the fifth period after 1923 are examined. The content of the third chapter is the financial services given and instruments used in Turkish Banking System. The services given in ban king sector differs in EC and Turkey. The EC banks give many other ser vices and use financial instruments that Turkish Banks don't have or don't use frequently. Credit, foreign exchange, leasing and factoring are discussed in detail. The aim in choosing these four (credit, foreign exchan ge, leasing and factoring) is their being used frequently by Turkish banks.In the fourth chapter the differences and the similarities in the ban king law of European Community and Turkey are discussed. If Turkey be- cames a full member of EC what changes are necessary and the laws of EC and Turkish banking systems are how similar, the harmonization pro cess that is necessary to eliminate the differences is given at the end of this chapter. In the fifth and last chapters different ratios divided into three gro ups (rate, efficiency and risk) are calculated and from these data the fi nancial analysis of the EC and Turkish banking system are given. The most important result of this analysis is that the rate on assests and rate on equity of Turkish banks are greater than the EC banks, but this does not mean that Turkish banks are in better condition than the EC banks because the costs of Turkish banks are greater than their European ri vals' costs. In order to pull down the costs the domination of public to Tur kish banking system should last. In meeting EC standards, the problem that Turkish banking is going to face are concentrated more on structural and economic conditions of Turkey and respectively less on law. There are a lot of obstacles that Turkish banking system should pass through in order to become a full member while the members of EC are going to use a unique money unit starting from the first of January 1999. The Turkish banks will find themselves competing with the European banks between which there is competition. Turkish banks should widen their international branch nets to be competitive. The foreign banks giving service in Turkey nearly finished their organizations around the world, and as a result of this their market shares are increasing rapidly. Today many Turkish banks are opening XIbranches in EC countries or becoming the shareholders of EC countries' banks. This is a positive attempt in order to catch up with the EC stan dards. If the financial services given and the instruments used are discussed it can be seen that the Turkish banking system is not completely ready in order to compete with the EC banks functionally. Although Turkish banks use a lot of the financial instruments that EC banks use, some of them are not developed as much as the ones in EC countries or even they are not used in Turkey. Swaps, futures, forward and options operations are only a few examples to the financial services that are rarely given by Tur kish banks. Although there are such disadvantages of Turkish banks which are stated above there is one advantage which is very important for the com petition with EC countries' banks. The technological equipments and manpower of Turkish banks are ready for full membership to EC. It can be said that almost all of Turkish banks are giving banking services on li ne, they use EFT (Electronic Fund Transfer), and SWIFT (Electronic Fund Transfer System). This is very important because both the bank and the customer save time by using the technology. Private banks do 79% and private banks do 68% of their operations by their branches which work on-line. The 45% of private banks' personnel, and 22% of public banks' personnel are university graduates. As the education level of the banks' personnel gets higher the quality of the service given gets higher. Because of this the managers of banks' departments and the general ma nagers must give importance to the education of their personnel. Turkish banks can benefit from the EC countries' banks experiences. For example, European banks give importance to liquidity, confidence, Xllstrategical planning, and customer wishes, but Turkish banks prefer loo king at the subject from their point of view not the customers'. This re sults with a decrease at their strength in competing with their European rivals. Since Turkish banks are small scale banks merges of banks is inevi table. Banks having almost the same firm culture should make invest ments in international markets to increase their competitive strength. The dominance of public banks should last by privatization and speci alization. The costs must be pulled down. In order to do this disponibility rates must be decreased to EC countries' banks level. The strategies of banks should be: Giving personal services such as economic bulletins to the firms, developing the image of the bank and the differentiation of financial instruments and services. To be able to do this banks should make higher the quality of the service they are giving and after pulling down the costs should serve the society with low prices. Whi le the banks are making these investments they should satisfy their per sonnel economically. The inflation rate should be pulled down in order to have a stabile economy and necessary precautions to make Turkish Lira fully convertib le must be taken because with a partially convertible national currency it is not possible for Turkey to suit itself to EC standards, and for the Tur kish banks to operate in this market. Turkish banking system should take these precautions during the in tegration period to EC Banking System: - Education should be important for banks, Xlll- Banks should make more investment to technological equipment, and watch the te chnological reforms closely, - Financial reforms in EC countries should be closely watched and number of services being given should increase, - Banks should decrease their costs, - Required reserve at the central bank for deposits and disponibility rates must be pulled down, - Necessary precautions should be taken in order to make Turkish Li ra fully-convertible, - Regulations made in the EC countries about banking must be wath- ced closely by the Turkish banks in order to make necessary changes in Turkish Banking Law for the integration to EC Banking System, - Turkish banks should be promoted to establish subsidiaries in EC Member States ahnd carry out their banking activities through these sub sidiaries. As a result Turkish banking system can be ready to give service in EC market when the Turkesh economy becomes stable, Turkish Lira be comes fully-convertible, costs of banks are pulled down, and the dominan ce of public banks on the banking system lasts. XIV
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