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Bir çokkatlı yapının betonarme ve betonarme çekirdekli kompozit çözümünün karşılaştırılması

Description of the theme

  1. Tez No: 68896
  2. Yazar: KEREM PEKER
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. TEVFİK SENO ARDA
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1997
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Yapı Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 169

Özet

ÖZET Türkiye hızla artan bir nüfusa sahip gelişmekte olan bir ülkedir. Aynı zamanda hızla büyüyen, tüm alanlarda büyük bir atılımı gerçekleştirmeye çalışan ve Avrupa topluluğuna girdiğinde her alanda rekabet edebilmek için son hazırlıklarını tamamlamaya çalışan ülkemiz, bu sebeple özellikle son yirmi yılda kırsal kesim nüfusunun kentlere kaymasına tanık olmaktadır. Kentlerdeki hızlı nüfus artışına bir de göç eklenince ortaya karmaşık ve çok kalabalık dev şehirler, megapoller çıkmaktadır. Şehirlerde her geçen gün artan, yeni iş imkanları, yeni yönetim merkezleri, konaklama tesisleri, sağlık merkezleri, eğitim yapıları ve yeni ulaşım imkanları ihtiyacı oluşmaktadır. Şehirlerde planlı büyümenin önemi her geçen gün artmakta ve planlaması iyi yapılamayan şehirlerde merkezdeki kullanılmamış arazi alanı azalmakta, birim fiyatı hızla artmaktadır. Bu durum yatay genişleyen şehir yerine merkezde düşey büyüyen şehrin tercihine ve buna bağlı olarak da çok katlı, yüksek yapıların yaygınlaşmasına yol açar. Bu tezde de ilgili konuya bir örnek teşkil eden Bayındır Holding'in Beylikdüzü'nde inşa etmekte olduğu, Batı Turizm Merkezi kompleksi içindeki otel binası ele alınacaktır. Bu bina için yapılmış olan mevcut betonarme teklif proje ile, kompozit olarak tasarlanacak yeni sistemin metrajları, maliyet analizleri ve ekonomik karşılaştırmaları yapılacaktır. Bayındır Holding / Bayındır inşaatın geliştirmekte olduğu Batı Turizm Merkezi Projesi ( kısaltılmış olarak BTM ) kentin en kapsamlı ticari merkezi olacaktır. Kompleksin arsa alanı 110.000 m2 toplam inşaat alanı ise yaklaşık 200.000 m2 dır. BTM içinde özetle, şu anda Tatilya adıyla işletmeye açılmış olan bir temali park, alışveriş merkezi, katlı mağaza, muhtelif sinemalar, bowling, supermarket, yeme içme yerleri, çok katlı bir otel kompleksi ile bir tıp merkezi yer almaktadır. IX

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY Turkey is a developing country with its fast developing population. Especially in the last 20 years, it is facing the fact that the population of the urban areas is fastly moving towards the cities. It is also trying to follow the new technologies in order to make a big attack in its' development to be able to compete with the others in all sectors when we take our place in the European Community. When immigration is added to the standard growing population, very complicated, crowded, unplanned big cities and metropols are formed. So there is a growing need to the new residential places, health centers, education complexes, transportation alternatives, job opportunities and working centers. The importance of a good planning of the development of a city is increasing and in the cities where unplanned growing takes place, the empty places, sites decrease with an incredible speed, so the unit price of these sites increase.day by day. Because of this important fact, the city starts to grow vertically in the city centers as the high storey buildings and skyscrapers instead of horizontal growth. This new need points out some new facts especially in the areas of earthquake zones.The construction cost mainly depends on the selection of the horizontal load carrying system in the important eathquake zones. So a good planned cost analysis and a good comperison is needed in the pre- planing of the construction work. With the increasing height of a building, a most suitable material, construction system and design should be selected which suits the height of the building, fits the reqirements in the earthquake zones, does not influence the architectural functions, shows a large variety of options in the architectural design. It should also be easy to manufacture, economic, have a longer service life which would not require many special equipments besides being easy to control, causing the least harm to the environment. The faster it starts to bring income and meets its' cost, the better is the material and the system. The above mentioned points are very important and to succeed in all, the examples of these kinds of construction works in the world should be analysed.After all these the most appropriate decision could be made by taking into account the facts about the economic situation and the technology in the construction industry in Turkey. DESCRIPTION OF THE THEME OF THE THESIS In this thesis an example is studied which describes and fully fits the requirements mentioned above. The hotel building in the Batı Turism Center Complex which is being constructed in Beylikdüzü by Bayındır Holding A.Ş. is analysed. The new composite system will be compared with the existing proposed reinforced concrete project. This multi use commercial center is situated in a rapidly developing suburban area to the west of central İstanbul. It is estimated that, by the turn of the century two million people will be living in this area creating a new city of west İstanbul with a population exceeding those of many major European cities. Batı Turism Center which is being developed by Bayındır Holding/Bayındır Construction in Inc will be the largest commercial center of this new city. Situated on a site majoring 110.000 m2 the complex has a construciton of approximately 200.000 m2. In brief outline, this programme contains a covered theme park which is now in operation under the name of Tatilya, a shopping mall comprising retail units, department stores, a multiple cinema group, bowling hall, supermarket, foodcourt and, in addition to these, a highrise hotel complex and a medical center. In summary Batı Turism Center is a retail and a turism center with an emphasis on recreational uses and health care. BTM has a different layout compared to the classical shopping mall diagrams. Instead of a linear diagram that streches between two magnets (usually well known department store chains), in this scheme, various spatial and functional groups are connected with a circulation grid arranged in a series of streets and squares. Penetration of daylight into these streets and squares through glazed skylights is an important planning criterion. The aim is to focus and accentuate the urban pattern of the surrounding residential areas in a more tightly knit spatial fabric, and to create an urban center containing a multitude of funcitons and spaces instead of one large building. XIProject data: -Tatilya42.000m2 -Shopping mail (total)66.000m2 *Department store6.500m2 *Supermarket3.300m2 *Bovvling2.900m2 *Multiple cinemas1.300m2 *Apx. 130 retail units13.300m2 -Medical center20.000m2 -5 star hotel complex32.000m2 -Parking garages & service buildings40.000m2 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATIC SYSTEM Composite System Material C25-30 concrete S4200 reinforcing bars and Fe5100 quality steel profıles are used in the composite system. Vertical Elements Outer columns, beams and slab are modelled as composite elements. Beams are composite elements of IPE330 and steel beams of IPE330 in the outer frame. Two slab types will be suggested and the most suitable öne for the time planning will be chosen. Slabs* Ribbedslabof 1mm. Thichkness *Steel profile of TRP200 in 1 mm. Thickness Slabs are calculated for the above alternatives and the best öne is selected.Columns are partially encased composite columns of HE 800. Column cross- sections will vary ali through the height of the building. in the first method ali beams are supposed to have pinned connections; in the second method the main beams are connected to the horizontal load carrying core with pinned connections vvhile the outer frame beams are connected with fixed (ancastre) connections. The inner beams are connected to each end with pinned connections vvithout making moment transfer. Slab action is provided with the diagonals placed just belovv the slab. Horizontal Elements : The core of the building with the same plan has not been changed in the composite system as well. With the principle that ali the horizontal loads are carried by the core, the rigidity center coincides with the center of gravity in order to obtain the torsion in a minimum grade. The foundation : A raft footing of 200cm. in height is used. This raft footing of 41.00 meters in diameter is placed on 289 piles with a distance of 2.30 meters betvveen each other. The pile lenghts are calculated according to the properties of the ground. The aim of this thesis work is to compare the results obtained after the analysis of the project both with a reinforced concrete system and with a composite system. This comparison is not ony made in the static comparison basis but also in the quantity of the material used, the time and the cost of the construction work. The follovving results are obtained and tried to be proved by the analitical results; The reinforced concrete construction is influenced by the vveather conditions. So the composite construction work can be carried out faster as steel elements are manufactured before and they are only fixed at site. Besides time saving, the quality of the construction is much more better. This is an important fact especially when the interest rates are high and decreases the total cost of the project. Sometimes steel is prefered to minimize the vveight of the building when making the project of a high rise building. When using composite elements, the cross sections get considerably smaller and increase the net area vvhich is öpen to use.The renovation or maintenance work vvould be easier. The building is less influenced from a possible earthquake due to its' higher ductility. The control of the construction work quality is easier as the pre-manufactured steel elements are used. The processing work of these elements are much more precised then the reinforced concrete elemens so they are very close to ideal conditons. As a thin steel ribbed slab is used, there is no need to have a formvvork for the slabs. The concrete vvould be directly poored on this ribbed steel deck. This not only reduces the cost of the formvvork but also saves time. As can be seen in the reinforced concrete project and the composite project, the cross sections for the beams, slabs, columns considerably get smaller in the composite öne vvhich reduced the weight of the building. The cost of the area bought ör rented for the construction plays a big rolein the cost. VVhen the weight of the construction decreases, a smaller foundation can be obtained vvhich can allovv us to add more floors to the proposed project. This is important vvhen a bigger usage area is desired in the big cities. The dirt, mud and sound is considerably decreased by using the steel beams and the ribbed decks. Reduction of sound and mud is especially very important in big cities and in complexes like Batı Turism Center project vvhere there are some other buildings around in use. Tatilya, vvhich is in this complex is currently in use and thousands of people visit here everyday. An annoying sound and dirt will disturb the visitors and can effect the number of the visitors coming to this center.

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