International trade law
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 718188
- Danışmanlar: Belirtilmemiş.
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Denizcilik, Uluslararası Ticaret, Marine, International Trade
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2020
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Swansea University / Prifysgol Abertawe
- Enstitü: Prifysgol Abertawe
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 51
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
Many international sale contracts are governed by the English Law system in the world. Because English Law system provides freedom of the contract to the parties (the seller and the buyer). Therefore, they can reach agreement on various terms which protect their liability without any restriction, such as force majeure clauses. Force majeure clauses act as a lifebuoy for the parties of international sale contracts by protecting the parties in breach. However, force majeure clause is not an implied term of the English Law system. As is known, the world has faced an important danger which is named Covid-19 Pandemic in the year of 2020. Even though this pandemic emerged in China, spread around the world within a short time. This situation is clearly unforeseeable and significantly affected shipping and trade operations in the world. Therefore, it has caused many disputes in shipping and trade area. In this case, there is an FOB contract within the shipment period of June 2020 where 10000 tonnes of citrus pulp pellets were contracted to be sold by the Brazilian seller in Santos to the buyer in Spain. ln the event of a failure of any duty under the FOB sale contract, the party bearing the related duty may be in breach and available remedies can be applied against him. The effect of the Covid-19 on the parties' liabilities will be examined under the force majeure clause which was agreed by the parties in the FOB contract. In order to give felicitous advices to the parti es, firstly, the definition of FOB contracts will be made in Chapter I and their important place in shipping and trade operations will be clarified. Secondly, the rights and liabilities of the parties and remedies in the event of any failure will be elaborated in Chapter 2, then, the doctrine of frustration, the effect of the force majeure clause and the difference of them will be discussed in Chapter 3. The extent of the effect of force majeure clause and its function is vital in terms of determining the parties' defences in course of breach of the sale contract. Ultimately, the advices will be given to the clients (the seller and the buyer) by referencing their duties and rights as stated in Chapter 2, and the effect of the force majeure clause to the sale contract in Chapter 4.
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