Seka fabrikası atıksu arıtma tesisinden çıkan katı atıkların sıvılaştırma koşullarının araştırılması
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 7434
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. FADİME TANER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Kimya Mühendisliği, Chemical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1988
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Çukurova Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 87
Özet
61 azı Petrol kaynağının sınırlı oluşunun -farkına varıldıktan sonra yeni lenebi len ve kolayca sağlanan biyokütlenin sıvı laştırı İması üzerinde çalışmalar yoğunlaştırılmıştır. Biyokütle ve onun çeşitli bileşenlerinden katran, yag ve kok üretimi yüz yılı aşkın bir sürenin çalışma konusu haline gelmiştir. Biyokütlenin alkali ortam, yüksek basınç ve yüksek sıcaklık (673 K) da, ısıl kimyasal olaylarla sı vı laştırı İması temelde basit bir işlemdir. Bu işlem, biyokütlenin gaz, yag ve koka dönüştürülen birkaç sistemden biridir. Diğer yöntemler, kuru maddenin direk ısıtılması
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY Since it has been recognised that the petroleum reserves are limited, research has been concentrated on the liquefaction of biomass which is renewable and obtained easily. The generation of tars, oil and chars from biomass and its various components have been the subject of study for over a century. Thermochemical liquefaction of biomass is basically a simple process, whereby it is heated with alkali under pressure at temperatures up to 673 K. This simple procedure converts the biomass to a mixture of gas, char and oil. The other methods are the direct heating of dry matter (pyrolysis), fermentation (anaerobic digestion) and gasification (partial oxidation) to yield methanol. A variant on the basic thermochemical process involves the addition of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to provide an overpressure to the reaction which is also performed in a non-aqueous solvent (anthrecene oil acetophenone, o-cresol). The thermochemical liquefaction process and its variants are of interest, because they appear to have several advantages over the other methods. They do not require preliminary drying of the feedstock, they operate at relatively low temperature, and they convert most of the biomass. The work, currenly being conducted in our laboratories, is to find a way to evaluate the 1 ignocel lulosic solid waste by converting to crudes or biogas. In this connection the liquefaction of biomass have been carried out in aqueous alkaline and acidic medium by changing the concentration of the chemicals, operating temperature and initial pressure.64 A 2L high pressure autoclave (Cook, vert ial high pressure autoclave) was used as reactor, having mixing shaft, inlet and outlet valves and a seal which is screwed with nuts. The temperature and inside pressure can be measured with thermocouple and manometer mounted on the reactor» For the liquefaction, 400 g solid waste (Moisture, 7. 75), 100 mL water and the necessary amount of acetic acid (997. by weight, Merck, analytic grade) and NaOH to make the percentages of chemicals up 15% of the dry solid waste in the mixture, were put into the autoclave. The autoclave was sealed and purged with nitrogen gas by pressurising up to 0.2 MF'a then venting to remove the oxygen left in the autoclave twice. The autoclave was started to heat up to operating temperatures of 523 K, 573 K and 623 K at which the reaction has been completed in one hour. It can be concluded that the solid-oil yield of the waste decreases while liquefying temperature increases. The oil yield (aceton extract) and calorific values of the solid-oil decreases with the increase in thermochemical treatment temperature and with decrease in initial pressure. According to the calorific values of the solid oil, the optimum values for temperature, pressure and percentace of the chemicals used in the liquefaction process were 573 K, 5 MF'a and 15% acetic acid, respectively.
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