Avrupa Birliği ulaştırma politikası ve Türkiye için bir değerlendirme
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75114
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. HALUK GERÇEK
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 144
Özet
Gelişen dünya düzeninde küreselleşmenin etkileri her kesimde, toplumlarda, üretimde, yaşanmaktadır. Ekonomik ilişkilerin arttığı bugün ve artacağı gelecekte ulaştırma sektörü bu oluşum sürecinde önemlidir. Çevre üzerinde olumsuz dışsal etkileri olan ulaştırma sektörünün gelişiminin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma (SK) prensibiyle planlanması gereklidir. Küreselleşme kapsamında ulaştırma sektöründeki gelişmeler altyapı, ekonomik faaliyet, politika ve hukuki yapıda daha büyük uyumu gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada son yıllarda ulaştırma sektöründeki gelişmeler değerlendirilmiş, özellikle Avrupa'da AB oluşumunda ulaştırma sektörüne yönelik SK prensibiyle oluşturulan politikalar ve gözlenen gelişmeler aktarılmıştır. Özellikle 80li yıllardan bugüne netleşen Topluluk entegrasyon politikalarının sonucu olan uluslararası ulaştırma koridorları, kombine taşımacılığa verilen önem belirtilmiştir. Ekonomik ilişkilerinde Avrupa'nın ağırlıklı olduğu Türkiye'de ekonomik gelişme ve ulaştırma sektörünün konumu değerlendirilmiş, Avrupa'yla ilişkiler bazında ulaştırma sektörünün gelişimi üzerinde durulmuş, Türkiye'nin de dahil olduğu uluslararası koridorlardaki kombine taşımacılık altyapı ve trafik yönünden incelenmiştir. Konunun Avrupa'yla bütünleşme boyutunda değerlendirilmesinde fiziki altyapı, ekonomik ilişkiler, finansman, politika ve hukuki uyum kriterlerinin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'nin AB üyeliği tartışmalarından bağımsız olarak, Avrupa'yla ekonomik ilişkileri yönünden olumlu sonuçlar elde edilebilmesi için ulaştırma sektöründe oluşturulması gereken orta-uzun dönemli planlar üzerine öneriler getirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile hedeflenen, Türkiye'nin Avrupa ile entegrasyonunda önemli rolü olan ulaştırma sektöründe uluslararası boyuttaki çok yönlü gelişmelere açık bir yapılanmaya olan ihtiyaca mevcut durumu ortaya koyarak dikkat çekmek, yeni, disiplinlerarası proje ve çalışmaların oluşmasına ön zemin hazırlamaktır.
Özet (Çeviri)
In today's development period, the impact of globalisation is significant on every sector, society and production. Today and tomorrow, as economic relations develop, the importance of transportation sector will increase. The planning of transportation sector which has negative environmental external costs with respect to Sustainable Development (SD) criteria is to ask for precise evaluation. The development in global transportation sector is evaluated according to SD principle. The policies developed in Europe concerning the transportation sector are to ask for the harmonisation in infrastructure, economic activity, policy and legal structure. In this study, the policies developed in Europe concerning the transportation sector and the realised developments are mentioned. 1992 is a turning point in EU Transport Policy. The previously faced problems in transportation sector were over come after the necessary legal regulations had been made. After the signment of Maastricht Pact in 1992, new formation of Common Transport Policy (CTP) and transport networks were shaped. As the successful integration of Europe can only be achieved if and only if the social and economic integration is maintained, Maastricht Pact mentioned importance of telecommunication, energy and transportation sectors and called for the Trans-European Networks formation covering these sectors. These Networks are not only covering the EU member states but also the third countries such as the Central and Eastern European (CEE) Countries and those countries important for the development of EU and situated at its borders. In order to achieve these goals EU has built some Initiatives and programmes for EU member states' and CEE countries' interests. In this study, firstly, Community Initiatives, Trans-European Networks (TEN) and Pan European Transport Network are studied respectively. The pacts, forming these networks are explained in detail. Secondly, the International European Transport Infrastructure, Rail and Motorway Networks' routes areintroduced. In the Community Initiatives, the studies are carried on according to the arranged 7 target regions such as the economically and socially under developed regions and high unemployment rate having regions and etc. The main goal of TEN is creating labor facilities, facilitating the free movement of goods, maintaining the Single European Market and European coherance. TEN is not actually supported by the EU funds. EU rather encourages the TENs and supports the governmental initiatives. The TENs have 4 interest areas: transportation, tele-communication, energy and environment. The aim of the transport networks is locating the problem having cross-border transport networks, planning and improving them. European Commission is directing the possible limited funds to prior projects and trying to pull the private enterpreteurs' attraction to the transportation investments. Concerning the transport investments EU is supporting the High Speed Trains (HST). The 80% of the transport investments is used for HST in order to improve the service provided by the railway systems, decrease the modal split share of road transport, traffic accidents, environmental damage and finally provide the sustainable development process. Within the TENs there is no brand new route, the previously constructed lines are gathered in this network and cpmbined in order to achieve the EU integration networks. The important problem faced in the construction of TENs is finance. European Commission declared the plans for Pan European Transport Networks in April 1997. EC, starting from the 9 transport corridors formed in the 2nd Pan European Transport Conference, aimed the development of transportation facilities between EU and her neighbouring countries, the enlargement of the transport networks to the member nominee countries, supporting the use of intelligent transportation technologies and cooperation in research and technology. These 9 corridors' projects will be carried by the concerned parties' national budgets. The 4th Corridor, in Turkey's interest starts from Germany, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania,Bulgaria, Greece and reaches Turkey. It is 3285 km long and covers two transport modes; road and rail. One important point in EU Transport Policy, is the combined transport. Combined transport, a new transport mode, covers several transport modes usage on one route in order to achieve the maximum utility from each transport mode involved in the transport. Especially, sea, rail and road transportation are involved. At the 3rd Pan European Conference held in Helsinki, 1997, the Mediterranean Priority multimodal Corridors were set. These corridors also covered the 4th Corridor crossing over Turkey. In this study, especially, these integration policy results of EU reflected to the transportation sector as international multimodal transport corridors are pointed out. The formation of Trans-European Motorway (TEM) and Trans-European Railway (TER) by UN/ECE goes back to the 80s. These routes are not specially set routes for EU. What EU does with these routes is that, reshaping the transport infrastucture according to them and improving the combined transport infrastucture. The role of EU is supporting the costruction of the new transport infrastuctures and forming a frame for its development. Despite all the steps taken, there are still problems faced in the transport sector. They are mainly because of the structure of transport sector. It is mainly a governmental investment because it asks for high amount of finance. Therefore it is hard to obtain the free market in the field of transportation. Eventhugh the private sector is highly supported for new investments in transportation sector it is hard to get the target values. Within this study, beginning from the EU Transport Policy, the past and present situation in Turkish Transport Sector is summarised. The change in Turkish Transportation Sector is summarised within the context of 7“Five Year Development Plans”. The economic and transportation sectordevelopments are represented in tables. According to these data, Turkey has shown the highest increase in passenger, freight and GDP in 1970 - 1990 period with respect to the other ECMT countries. In today's integrating and globalising World the foreign trade of a country is a good indicator of her integration direction an ddevelopment. With this idea in mind, when we take a look at the foreign trade of Turkey, OECD countries, having a share of 60%, EU member states, having a share of 50% primarily have the highest share in export and their shares in import are 66% and 47% respectively. With this amount and development in foreign trade of Turkey when we take a look at its disribution according to modes of transport is sea, road, rail equaling air from the highest share to the lowest respectively in export and import. The important difference in export and import modal distribution is that the low rate road transport has in import is quite high in export. When foreign trade relations of Turkey with Europe is considered, it can be seen that modal split took place in sea, road, rail and air transport distribution with an increase in road transport share in export, while on the other hand the road transport modal split value decreased and sea and rail transport values increased in import between 1990 and 1995. These results are indicators of EU sustainable development policy and its influence on transport sector. As Turkey is situated at the intersection lands of Europe and Asia the transport sector and infrastructure in Turkey is important for the international transport routes. Turkey, as being a partner in Trans European Motorway (TEM) and Trans European Railway (TER) routes, is located at the border of EU Transport Networks openning to the Middle East. Turkey is a partner in AGR, AGC, and AGTC Pacts. When the transportation sector in Turkey is examined, the previous developments show that development plans' goals could not be reached in the name of improving rail transport against road transport.When we look at the situation in combined transport in Turkey, it is possible to say in the first place that the demand is increasing but the physical environment is not at a good level to meet this demand. The increase in the container traffic since 1990 is important. The container traffic in sea in Turkish trade is carried by 3 specific Turkish container ships. The distribution of the goods within Turkey is done 95% by road transport and 5% by rail transport. When the environmental impacts are considered the modal distribution is in poor conditions. There are 7 ports managed by the Turkish Government and at those there is the container traffic. Among these, Haydarpaşa, İzmir and Mersin are the bussiest ones. In this study, Turkey, having close economic relations with Europe, is examined in economic development and transportation sector. Transportation sector developments with respect to her relationship with Europe are emphasised, The international multimodal traffic on corridors covering Turkey are evaluated in infrastructure and traffic. Furthermore, the infrastructure, finance, economic relations, policy and legal structure criteria are emphasised in European integration procedure. Finally, independent from the discussions on EL) membership of Turkey, and focusing on the economic relations that Turkey has with Europe, in order to have a sustainable development, the necessity of long term projects in transportation sector is mentioned. The aim of this study is to point out the need for a new structural development in the transportation sector of Turkey with respect to international developments by figuring out the present situation as well as the need for interdisciplinary projects and studies.
Benzer Tezler
- Avrupa Birliği ulaştırma politikası ve Türkiye üzerine etkileri
European Union's transport policy and its effects on Turkey
YILDIZ CEBECİ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2019
Uluslararası İlişkilerAnkara ÜniversitesiAvrupa Birliği ve Uluslararası Ekonomik İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. HATİCE YAZGAN
- Avrupa Birliği'nde ulaştırma politikaları ve lojistik uygulamaları: Malta ve Türkiye'nin uyumu, performansı ve işbirliği olanakları
European Union transport policy & logistics implementations: Performance, potential cooperation opportunities & cohesion of Malta and Turkey
HANDE ÖZKE
- Avrupa Birliği'ne uyum sürecinde Türkiye'de sivil havacılık yönetimi
Civil aviation administration in Turkey in the process of harmonization with the European Union
OSMAN NURİ SUNAR
Doktora
Türkçe
2021
Kamu Yönetimiİnönü ÜniversitesiSiyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. YUSUF KARAKILÇIK
- Tramvay troleybüs tercihinin Malatya örneğinde incelenmesi
Investigation of tramvay troleybus preference in Malatya sample
İBRAHİM KILIÇ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2019
Ulaşımİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesiİnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. MURAT ERGÜN
- Avrupa Birliği'nin ortak ulaştırma politikaları kapsamında Türkiye'de denizyolu taşımacılığı
Maritime transport in Türkiye in the scope of the European Union's common transport policy
NİSA PARILDAR YILMAZ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2023
UlaşımBursa Teknik ÜniversitesiUluslararası Ticaret ve Lojistik Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. HİLAL YILDIRIR KESER