Türkiye'de iş güvenliği
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75325
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. TALAT TEVRUZ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Makine Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Konstrüksiyon Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 109
Özet
ÖZET Dünya nüfusunun %40'ı çalışan insanlardan oluşmaktadır. Gelişen ve genişleyen teknoloji içinde bu çalışan kesimin her gün karşılaştıkları en önemli konuların başında iş güvenliği gelmektedir. Ancak Ülkemizde bu konunun önemi henüz yeterince anlaşılamamıştır. Tezde bu konunun önemi vurgulanacak, Ülkemizdeki ve Dünyadaki durum karşılaştırılarak problemler ortaya konulacak ve bu problemlere çözüm önerileri sunulmaya çalışılacaktır. Tezin ilk bölümünde işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliğinin tanımı yapılıp işyerlerindeki sağlık hizmetlerine değinilmiştir. İkinci bölümde meslek hastalığının tanımı yapılıp sebepleri ve alınabilecek tedbirlerden bahsedilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde iş kazaları tanımlanmış, Ülkemizde ve Dünyadaki durum incelenerek karşılaştırılmalar yapılmış ve alma bilecek tedbirlerden bahsedilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise iş güvenliği ile ilgili mevcut problemlere karşı çözüm önerileri sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. IX
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY WORK SAFETY IN TURKEY The work safety concept firstly occured with the revolution of industries in England. This concept has increased with quick industrialize in our era and has been a current problem in all of the world. 1 10.000.000 persons have confronted with the work accident and also 200.000 persons have dead on account of work accident in the world. However, due to work accidents, arising the loss of time and productive power, the damages of machine, means and materials are very great. For example, in our country, the production loss was 200.000.000.000 TL. in 1988 and 144.000.000.000.000TL. (1.775.000.000 USD) in 1996 and these loss acts on national economy badly. Infact, this problem is greater than the Western country for Turkey. As you examine the following tables, you can see that density of work accident in our country is three or four times great than the Western country. We want to examine the cause of the problem in this study. So, reached the statical data from ILO and SSK, and prepared the following tables. First chart of this study, maked the definition of work safety, occupational disease and work accident. Second chart of this study, comparison of work accident in our country according to the other country in the World. And last chart of this study, presented the results and suggestions. The Definition of The Work Safety: The work safety is the scientific and systematical study which defense the labourer against the conditions that can cause harm of health, when the labourer works in the working place. The aim of the work safety study is:. To defend of the labourer,. To provide of the production security,. To provide of the administration security. Occupational Disease: The temporary or permanent sickness and also inveldities have been accepted as Occupational Disease caused by a repeted reason of the necessity of work done or caused by the conditions of work performed in addition to the sickness indicated in Article 34 of the Regulation of Job Safety and Preservation the Health of Workers.Work Accident: An accupational accident means an accident accurring in any one of the circumstances or situations indicated below which Causes immediately of subsequently a physical or mental disability to an insured person:. When the insured person is in the workplace,. In connection with the work carried on by the employer,. When the insured person has been sent by the employer to perform duties at another place,. During the period allocated for nursing of the child of insured woman,. While insured persons are carried, as a group, on a vehicle supplied by the employer, to and from the place where the work is being done. The comparison of the work accident in Turkey according to the other country in the world: As you see from Table 2 and 3, in 1994, 1191 persons died on account of work accident and also fatally injured rate is 0.283 in our country. But, in England, only 211 persons died and also fatally injured rate is only 0.010. So, fatally injured risk in our country is 28 times higher than in England and 5 times higher than in Italie, and 10 times higher than in Denmark. If we examine the fatally injured and fatally injured rate according to branch of activies (manufacturing, construction and mining), you will see the same table. For example, mining branch of work, 239 persons fatally injured and fatally injured rate was 2.758 in our country. Also, in England, only 4 persons fatally injured and fatally injured rate was 0.046. So fatally injured risk in our country is 60 times higher than in England, 9 times higher than in Italie and 25 times higher than Norway. We examine the lost workday, in 1994, 1.926.134 workday was lost in our country, 159.420 workday was lost in England. So our lost workday is 13 times higher than in England. On the contrary the other countries on the World, lost workday on account of work accidents is higher than lost workday on account of the strikes in our country. TABLE 1: WORK ACCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE COUNTRIES AND YEARSTABLE 2:FATALLY INJURED TABLE 3: FATALLY INJURED RATE (Per 1000 persons injured) XIITABLE 4: FATALLY INJURED IN MINING TABLO 5: FATALLY INJURED RATE ACCORDING TO THE COUNTRIES AND YEARS XIllTABLE 6: WORKDAY LOST BECAUSE OF THE STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS When we examine the injuriy severity rate, this rate is 2.795 for our country, only 0.061 for United Kingdom, 0.257 for Denmark and 0.53 1 for Espana. This rate for our country is the biggest as we can see. The injury frequency rate for our country seems smaller than the rate for Espana and equal to the rate for Denmark. We hope, this rates are real, but, really, there is big statical problems in our statistics. TABLE 7: INJURY SEVERITY RATE AND INJURY FREQENCY RATE ACCORDING TO THE COUNTRIES Injury frequency rate: F = n. 1000000 / (Total hours of work) n = The number of work accident Injury severity rate: V= k. 1000 / (Total hours of work) XIVk = Workdays lost If we utilize the results above, we can see the position of our country. Our country is really confront with a great problem and a great danger. Results And Suggestions: As you can see above, our country is the first in Europe and second after Korea in the world on account of the loss of work accident. The first cause of this situation, our society structure and general culture state. The industries is new for our country, a lot of persons who works in agriculture were begun to work industries, so we haven't enough quality labourer. The second cause of this stituation is education. We haven't enough education level. %70.9 labourer who works in industrie graduated from primary scholl, %14.2 graduated from high scholl, %9.1 graduated from junior high scholl, %0.3 graduated from university, %4.8 only reading and writing, %0.7 not reading and writing. The third cause of this stituation is small company structure. From statistics declared by SSK; %40 of over 1 bilion companies that can be insured by social insurance has one insured worker, and over %90 have 1-9 worker. In a study that worked as every six of companies, has result that the avarege number of workers is 1 1.2, but at the AT avarege the number rises to 36.8. Small companies use old technologies. So they couldn't aford to take all the precautions as preventy and protectivy the workers. Also other major causes of accidents are low level of education, inadequate job experience and inadequate division of labor. One of the problems is definition of the work accident concept. Today the explanotion of work accident is the one that is used by SSK. Work accident is really widely explaned so we need to explore it again. A low about worker health and work safety will make it easy to explain the subject again. One of the problem is statical data. The number of work accident in a year doesn't satifies, Because not all of the companies are related with SSK. Also these numbers don't contain the data from Bağ-Kur. In fact the problem is the important part of the data is one that we don't have. In short interpretations about wor safety are done from wrong and deficient data. We reed sufficient data to decide which prevention and pretection to take about work accidents and occupational disease. At last we need a new instution about work safety. One of the most important point in work safety is the control. Now we can see an uneffective an inadequte control system. All the works and studies done by the goverment and its instution employers, workers, educational intutions, local instution must be gathered in are place with high levels of cooperation. As result we reed are separate instution which only works on this subject. XV
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