Anahtarlamalı relüktans motorunun sayısal benzetimi ve TMS 370 mikrokontrolör ile kontrolü
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75386
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. M. EMİN TACER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 147
Özet
ÖZET Anahtarlamalı relüktans motoru (ARM), son yıllarda güç elektroniğindeki ilerlemelerden dolayı gelişme imkanı bulmuştur. Çok basit yapı ve çalışma ilkesi ile kolay kontrol edilebilirliği en büyük avantajıdır. Bu avantajlarından dolayı, hız kontrolünün gerektiği uygulamalarda gittikçe yaygınlaşarak kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. ARM, hiçbir zaman kontrol biriminden ayrı düşünülemeyeceğinden, motorun tanımında ve kullanımında, güç elektroniği düzenleri, dijital kontrolör ve motor bir bütün olarak ele alınmalıdır. Özellikle dijital kontrolörlerin analog kontrolörlere göre kullanım kolaylığı, ARM'nin gün geçtikçe tercih edilebilme nedenini arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ikinci bölümde, anahtarlamalı relüktans motorunun yapısı, çalışma prensibi, temel tanımlar ve bağıntılar verilmiş, ARM'de moment ifadesi incelenmiştir. İzleyen bölümlerde ARM sürücü devreleri ve bu devrenin kontroluna ilişkin algılayıcı devreler tanıtılmıştır. Tezin uygulama bölümlerinde, ARM'nin sayısal benzetim için gerekli, zamana bağlı değişen büyüklükleri incelenmiş ve makinanın dinamik hal davranışı ortaya konmuştur, ayrıca ARM'nin gerçekleştirilen bir yazılım sayesinde, TMS370Cx5x ile hız denetimi yapılarak sonuçları gözlenmiştir ve hata hesabı yapılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen yazılımlar ve elde edilen tüm diyagramlar tezde sunulmuştur. ıx
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR SIMULATION & CONTROL WITH THE TMS370 MICROCONTROLLER A reluctance motor is an electric motor in which torque is produced by the tendency of its movable part to move to a position where the inductance of the excited winding is maximized. The motion may be rotary or linear and the rotor may be interior or exterior.“The winding”usually consists of a number of electrically separate circuits or phases. These may be excited separately or together. In motoring operation, each phase is usually excited when its inductance is increasing, and is unexcited when its inductance is decreasing. In generating, the opposite is true. The switched reluctance machine is a fascinating machine with all kinds of interesting application possibilities. The terms of switched reluctance does not mean that the reluctance itself is switched, but it's clearly refers to the switching of phase currents, essential to operation. This switching is more precisely called commutation so electronically commutated reluctance is an even more precise term than switched reluctance. It also draws a parallel with the electronically commutated motor. In both cases, the main function of the switching is the same as that of the commutator in a DC motor. 6/4 reluctance motor has 6 stator and 4 rotor poles. The 6/4 motor has three phases. Each phase comprises 2 coils wound on opposite poles and connected so that their fluxes are additive. They may be in series or in parallel. When any pair of rotor poles is exactly aligned with the stator poles of phase 1, that phase is said to be in the aligned position, as shown in Figure 1(a). When current is flowing in phase 1, there is no torque in this position. Because the rotor is in a position of maximum inductance. When the interpolar axis of the rotor is aligned with the poles of phase 1, phase 1 is in the unaligned position as shown in Figure 1(b). When current is flowing in phase 1, there is no torque in this position. If the rotor is displaced to either side of the unaligned position, there appears a torque that tends to displace it still further and attract it towards the next aligned position. The unaligned position is one of unstable equilibrium. In the unaligned position the phase inductance is at its minimum, because the magnetic reluctance of the flux path is at its highest as a result of the large air gap between the stator and rotor.At intermediate rotor positions such as the ones shown in Figure 2, and the magnetization curve is intermediate between aligned and unaligned curves. If there is an overlap at all, the possibility exists for local saturation of the pole-corners. (a) Figure 1(a) 6/4 SRM-aligned position on phase 1 (b) 6/4 SRM-unaligned position on phase 1 (b) (a) (b) Figure 2(a) 6/4 SRM partial overlap position on phase 1 while motoring in the counterclockwise direction. (b) 6/4 SRM partial overlap position on phase 1 while generating in the counterclockwise direction. XIWhen current flows in a phase, it is axiomatic that the torque tends to move the rotor in such a direction as to increase the inductance, until it reaches the position where the inductance has a maximum value. Switched reluctance motor finds a wide area in industrial applications proportional to the development in power electronics technologies, due to its simple construction and lower cost. As a comparison, switched reluctance motor has some advantages and disadvantages to other motors as follows. Advantages:. Production cost is low.. Rotor losses consists of only iron losses since the rotor has no windings.. Robust rotor construction and low inertia torque provide to operate at higher speeds.. It has a natural protection to high short-circuit currents.. It provides a wide speed adjustment range at constant power.. It is convenient for digital applications.. The number of the power electronic switches of SRM drive circuit is fewer than that of induction motor's. Disadvantages. It requires a shaft position sensor for starting and operating.. Due to the asymmetrical forces affecting on the stator, the stator aims to make its shape oval so that it causes noise and oscillation.. Air gap has to be designed very small.. Switched reluctance motor produces torque having oscillation at low speeds. In industrial applications, induction machine requires complex electronic control circuits to control speed or torque, so that switched reluctance motor is preferred to induction machine as a controlled drive system. As mentioned before, the number of the power electronic switches of SRM drive circuit is fewer than that of induction motor's as shown in Figure 3. + Us T13 £ i ? 1 D13; FRZl£ T1İ FRZ3 T3J H ;d2 XC4 : i ?? FflZ2fc- FRZ4r D2*X T2j£“J Figure 3 8/6 SRM power control circuit XllSwitched reluctance motor is the simplest of all electrical machines. Although this simplicity in construction, operating system must be handled as a whole system consisting of power electronic converters, controller and the motor. In this thesis, the operation principle of the switched reluctance machine is given and then the mathematical model of it is derived. The characteristics of flux, current and torque of the motor having 6/4 and 8/6 poles are obtained. In the further sections, numerical simulation of the 8/6 poles switched reluctance machine is performed. Runge-Kutta, giving good results for this kind of applications, is used as a numerical solution method for the simulation. Figure 4 shows the block diagram of the switched reluctance motor connected to a load with closed loop speed control. The controller structure is similar to that of AC”and DC drives. The switched reluctance motor as a block whose input is current and output is torque. Of course,“current”includes the currents of all phases and it is understood that the current wave shape as well as its magnitude must be controlled to some extent because the wave shape is not pure DC or pure AC and indeed it varies with both speed and load. It may be necessary in some applications to control the wave shape of the current in a precise, predetermined manner to minimize torque ripple. Current Torque Reference speed Speed error SR controller Speed transducer \ Speed Figure 4 Control system structure The controller can be regarded as a block whose input is the speed error and whose output is the motor current. The speed error is the difference between the reference (desired) speed and the actual (feedback) speed, which is derived from a speed transducer that is coupled to the load or the motor. Figure 4 conveys only a basic example of closed loop speed control. Similar diagrams can be put together for a torque controller or a generator controller. In the last section, closed loop speed control of the machine has performed by using TMS370Cx5x 8-Bit Microcontroller. The software of the control algorithm has been written. In the first part of the software the motion of the motor is provided by XIIIdetecting the rotor position with an optical encoder and determining the commutation signals from a look-up table. In the next part of the software, it is obtained the commutation signals application mode by calculating the actual speed. A PI control algorithm has been prepared and programmed with assembly language for closed loop speed control. As an application of the software, for the selected constant speed values the motor has been tested with TMS370Cx5x and the speed-time characteristics has been obtained. xiv
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