Bir maliyet + kar projede 'şube yenileme işleri' malzemenin temini ve lojistik
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75440
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. DOĞAN SORGUÇ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Yapı İşletmesi Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 146
Özet
1. Bölümde Lojistiğin tarihçesi ve önemi, Lojistik kavramının tanımlan, Lojistik kavramının ana amacı ve inşaat firmalarında Lojistik birimlerinin kurulma aşamaları ile çalışma konulan açıklanmıştır. 2.Bölümde bu tez kapsamında incelen projede Lojistik biriminin kurulma amacı, kuruluş aşamaları ve organizasyon şeması açıklanmıştır. 3. Bölümde Lojistik birimin çalışma konusu olan malzemelerin listesi verilmiştir. İncelenen projede bazı malzemelerin iş sahibi tarafından, bazı malzemelerin ise müteahhit tarafından temin edildiği nedenleri ile birlikte açıklanmıştır. 4. Bölümde satın alınacak malzemelerin miktarının hangi aşamada ne şekilde tespit edildiği açıklanmıştır. 5. Bölümde alımı yapılacak malzemeler için işsahibi ile imzalanmış olan sözleşmede belirtilen prosedürleri açıklanmıştır. 6. Bölümde toplu alımı yapılan malzemelerin şubede ihtiyaç duyulan süreye kadar malzemenin muhteviyatına zarar vermeyecek şekilde korunması için kullanılan merkez depo ve İstanbul dışı geçici depoların kuruluş prosedürleri, malzeme stoklama şekli ve malzemelerin depolara sevki prosedürleri ele alınmıştır. 7.Bölümde depoda stoklanan malzemelerin tüm şantiyelere dağıtım prosedürleri ele alınmış ve bu dağıtım esnasında dikkat edilmesi gereken konular ayrıntılı biçimde açıklanmıştır. 8.Bölümde şantiyelerde kullanıldıktan sonra fazla gelen ve başka bir şantiyede kullanılmak üzere merkez depoya gönderilen iade malzemelerin ne şekilde ve hangi şartlarda merkez depoya sevk edildiği açıklanmıştır. 9.Bölümde gerek satın alınan malzemelerin gerekse şubelerden iade edilen malzemelerin merkez depoda stoklanması ve stok kontrolünün yapılmasına ait prosedürler açıklanmıştır. Bu bölümde ayrıca stok kontrol ve kayıtının hem merkez depoda, hemde merkez şantiye ofisinde yapılması gerekliliği açıklanmıştır. l0..Bölümde söz konusu proje kapsamında kurulan lojistik departmanın zaman içerisinde doğan aksaklıkların giderilmesi için geliştirilmesi gerekliliği doğmuştur. "Ayrıca proje zaman içerisinde organizisyon olarak büyümükte olduğu için yeni işe başlayan şantiye şeflerine ve taşeron firmalara kurulmuş olan Lojistik birimin çalışma prosedürlerini açıklamak üzere duyurular yapılmasına karar verilmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
Project Procurement Management includes the process required to acquire goods and services from outside performing organization. For simplicity, goods and services, whether one ore many, will generally be reffered to as a“product”Procurement Planning - determining what to procure and when. Procurment planning is the process of identifying which project needs can be best met by procuring products or services outside the project organization. It involves consideration of whether to procure, how to procure, what to procure, how much to procure, and when to procure it. When the project obtains products and services from outside the performing organization, the processes from solicitation planning through contract close-out wolud be performed once for each roduct or service item. The project management team should seek support from specialists in the disciblines of contracting and procurement when needed. When the project does not obtain products and services from outside the performing organization, the processes from solicitation planning through contract close-out would not be performed. This often occurs on research and development projects when the performing organization is reluctant to share project thecnology, and on many smaller, in-house projects when the cost of finding and managing an external resource may exceed the potential savings. Solicitation Planning - documenting product requirements and identifying potential sources. Solicitation planning involves preparing the documents needed to support solicitation. The inputs of solicitation planning are procurement management plan, statements of work, and other planning outputs. By the use of standart forms and expert judgment procurement documents, evaluation criteria, and statement of work updates are obtained. Solicitation - obtaining quotations, bids, offers, or proposals as appropriate.Solicitation involves obtaining information ( bids and proposals ) from prospective sellers on how project needs can be met. Most of the actual effort in this process is expended by the prospective sellers, normally at no cost to the project. Source Selection - choosing from among potential sellers. Source selection involves the receipt of bids or proposals and the application of the evaluation criteria to select a provider. Contract Administration - managing the relationship with the seller. Contract administration is the process of ensuring that the seller's performance meets contractual requirements. On larger projects with multiple product and service providers, a key aspect of contract administration is managing the interfaces among the various providers. The legal nature of the contractual relationship makes it imperative that the project team be acutely aware of the legal implications of actions taken when administering the contract. Contract administration includes application of the appropriate project management processes to the contractual relationship(s) and integration of the outputs from this processes into the overall management of the project. This integration and coordination will often occur at multiply levels when there are multiple sellers and multiple products involved. Contract Close-out - completion and settlement of the contract, including the solution of any open items. Contract close-out is similar to administrative closure in what it involves both product verification ( Was all work completed correctly and satisfactorily? ) and administrative close-out ( updating of records to reflect final results and archieving of such information for future use). The contract terms and conditions may prescribe specific procedures for contract close-out. Early termination of a contract is a special case of contract close-out. These processes interact with each other and with the processes in the other knowledge areas as well. Each prosess may involve effort from one or more individuals or groups of individuals based on the needs of the project. Although the prosesses are presented here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they may overlap and interact in ways not detailed in this study. Project Procurement Management is discussed from the perspective of the buyer in the buyer-seller relationship. The buyer-seller relationship can exist at many levels on one project. Depending on the application area, the seller may be called a contractor, a vendor, or a suppleyer. The seller will typically manage their work as a project. In such cases:The buyer becomes the customer and is thus a key stakeholder for the seller. The seller's project management team must be concerned with all the prosesses of project management, not just with those of this knowledge area. The terms and the conditions of the contract become a key input to many of the seller's processes. This study assumes that the seller is external to the performing organization. Most of the discussion, however, is equally applicable to formal aggrements entered into with other units of the performing organization. When informal aggrements are involved, other processes are more likely to apply. Through many researches developed, the source of the need for logistic support has been found to be based on the methods applied to military forces during 2“d World War. The essence of the logistic support, as well as other activities (marketing, sales, finance, production, accounting etc.). in achieving success has been realized especially in industries of mass production. However, logistic support is a new concept in construction industry and it is hardly being implemented. The construction companies, which have realized the essence of logistic support, are bearing the cost of establishing new departments and due increases in the overhead in order to maximize their gains. Besides, achieving the gain expected by establishing these departments is taking long time in some cases such as the case held in this study, since the activities, duties and procedures are not identified and comprehended well in the beginning. In general, we may define the logistic needs as the operation that enables the integrated activities such as packaging, follow-up of the material movements, stock control and transport of the materials and equipment, to be implemented in harmony. All the definitions for logistics indicated below are accepted to be true since the term ”logistics“ has value in a wide range of area. 7 R's :Logistic needs are enabling the right material/equipment, in right amounts, in right conditions, in right place to be transported to right place, in right time, in right price. Inventory :If we are to have a view from inventory point, we may define logistics as the effective management of the stock control of materials and products whether they are stable or not. The Definition of CLM (Counsel of Logistics Management) :According to the definition made by CLM. logistics is the planning and implementation of flow and storage of the materials, products and information relevant in regard with thecustomer requests and the costs incurred, from the time they are procured till they are used. The Definition of SOLE ( Society of Logistic Engineers) :It is making the right moves on time in order to make best use of materials, supplies and to spend more effectively. All the definitions above have common points as well as contradictions. The need for stock control is mentioned in all definitions. They are all valid,.especially in industrial companies. It is obvious that the one which fits most to construction sector is 7 R's. In this definition all the activities of logistic support in construction companies are emphasized. The main purpose of this study is to expose all the procedures used in the logistics department required for the renovation project of 502 dealers of a bank. In this study, it has been aimed to describe, item by item, all the procedures followed during every phase of the project, from procurement of the materials to their reuse after they are disposed from the dealers. These procedures have been developed specifically for this project since the owner and the contractor have no experience of a similar project. Procedures which are being implemented currently are subject to amendments and improvements as required. The most effective inputs are generated by the employees involved in and using outputs of the project, who identify the defects and weaknesses and report them to the logistics department. As it was compulsory to complete the construction in a living office, the owner accepted to bear the extra cost due to the expedition of the construction work. There lied the importance of the logistics department regarding the success of the project. In ”Suggestion“ and ”Conclusion" sections of this study, you may find suggestions of the author, who has taken place in this project as the Logistics Department Manager, for corrective actions which will minimize the handicaps of the restricts of this project due to authorities, the contract and the nature of the project. In recent times, the reason which is the will to complete the project on time and eliminate the problems arising in the procurement and transportation of the materials and equipment focused the attention on the need for logistic support. This need has increased as the companies could not bear the loss of the delays due to lack of identification of the defects of the system. In general, we may divide the logistics activities to be implemented in construction companies in 6 main groups. It is the identification of all the materials that will be required during pre- construction and design phases. XllThis is the phase which covers the identification of the amount and technical specifications of the materials, the suppliers, and the preparation of purchase orders. In this phase, the decision to whether stock the materials or not is directly relevant to procurement time. It is important to procure the materials which will be directly used in the production, not be stocked, before the time it should be on site according to the work schedules in order to prevent any delay. In construction works, materials procured are generally stocked in warehouses. In cases such as the supplier firm delivers the materials to warehouse, packaging, which should be appropriate to the kind of material and type of transportation, is an important factor. It is also essential to follow up the supplier firm regarding the choice of the packing material and the type of the packaging and interfere as required in order to prevent potential problems during construction. The materials will be stocked if they will not be used directly in construction. This activity consists of two integral subjects: Inventory control and storage. There is a relationship between the type of transportation and vehicles used and the inventory level and the number of warehouses. For instance, a wide warehouse and a high level of inventory are required if the transportation time is long. Minimizing the transportation time may be tried in order to decrease the number of warehouses and decrease their surface areas. In such cases, the type of the transportation affects the type of the packaging. The cost of packaging may vary depending on the type of transportation. Since the purpose is to possess the right material, in right time, in right place and without defect, such costs may be overlooked. In this phase, it is imperative to insure the materials against traffic accidents. Activities regarding accommodation, reuse of disposed materials, and salvage materials are functions of logistics as well. Also logistic support is related with service, treatment, maintenance, and material choice since they affect the transportation and storage.
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