Domestic finance for climate change adaptation: Exploring the Bangladesh case
İklim değişikliğine uyum için iç finansman: bangladeş örneğinin incelenmesi
- Tez No: 772172
- Danışmanlar: Belirtilmemiş.
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Ekonomi, Ziraat, Economics, Agriculture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2021
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: The Unıversıty Of Readıng
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İklim Değişikliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Adaptation could be a process, an action, or an outcome in a system that enables it to better cope with, manage, or adapt to changing conditions, stresses, hazards, risks, or climate changerelated opportunities (Smit & Wandel, 2006). Adaptation has evolved over time from the sources of narrow understanding, vulnerability, and insufficient capacity, socioeconomic difficulties, biophysical vulnerabilities to today. Adaptation needs to include address the underlying knowledge, capacity, financial, needs institutional and technological developments. Global climate change is one of the colossal problems of today's age and future ages. This change, which affects the whole world, shows its effect differently in each region. While some regions are very vulnerable, most sectors suffer severe damage, while some regions could adapt to the process more efficiently. However, in every region, there are many strategies, plans, and solutions that have the potential to be improved and replicated elsewhere, with crucial lessons for everyone. Advances in understanding the nature of observed and future climate change have led to the recognition that significant future impacts are inevitable and to increased efforts to understand the adaptation process to threatened impacts. This dissertation aimed to examine the domestic financing of adaptation to climate change studies and provides a summary and a critical survey of the literature on this topic, especially for developing countries. The study focused on the research questions below: • What are the domestic financing avenues for developing countries? • Which is more efficient than climate financing provided by international organizations or domestic financing paths? To understand these issues, I first discussed domestic financing mechanisms, especially how developing countries make money. For this subject taxes, non-taxes, land value capture, microfinance, domestic climate change funds, debt conversion, national investment vehicles 11 concepts were explained. After examining these mechanisms and methods, an answer has been sought to the question of whether domestic or international financing methods are primarily used in the integration financing through Bangladesh, which is one of the most vulnerable countries in need of adaptation. For going from general to specific, the literature summary about domestic financing instruments mentioned in the second section is summarized in the third section for Bangladesh. However, since the comparison of domestic and foreign finance on the subject is only the research made on the budget of the funds, only the funds have been examined in this last section of the dissertation. According to data from Bangladesh adaptation climate projects provided by both national government and foreign donors from Annual Development Program (ADP) documents and Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund, it has been observed that Bangladesh adaptation projects use their own domestic financing methods more than foreign donors. They have proven that the importance of foreign donations cannot be denied, more successful adaptation would be achieved with foreign support, but they get more efficiency by directing domestic financing resources as indicated in the structure of the projects, the needs of the sector, and the emergencies in the country.
Özet (Çeviri)
Adaptation could be a process, an action, or an outcome in a system that enables it to better cope with, manage, or adapt to changing conditions, stresses, hazards, risks, or climate change-related opportunities (Smit & Wandel, 2006). Adaptation has evolved over time from the sources of narrow understanding, vulnerability, and insufficient capacity, socioeconomic difficulties, biophysical vulnerabilities to today. Adaptation needs to include address the underlying knowledge, capacity, financial, needs institutional and technological developments. Global climate change is one of the colossal problems of today's age and future ages. This change, which affects the whole world, shows its effect differently in each region. While some regions are very vulnerable, most sectors suffer severe damage, while some regions could adapt to the process more efficiently. However, in every region, there are many strategies, plans, and solutions that have the potential to be improved and replicated elsewhere, with crucial lessons for everyone. Advances in understanding the nature of observed and future climate change have led to the recognition that significant future impacts are inevitable and to increased efforts to understand the adaptation process to threatened impacts. This dissertation aimed to examine the domestic financing of adaptation to climate change studies and provides a summary and a critical survey of the literature on this topic, especially for developing countries. The study focused on the research questions below: • What are the domestic financing avenues for developing countries? • Which is more efficient than climate financing provided by international organizations or domestic financing paths? To understand these issues, I first discussed domestic financing mechanisms, especially how developing countries make money. For this subject taxes, non-taxes, land value capture, microfinance, domestic climate change funds, debt conversion, national investment vehicles 11 concepts were explained. After examining these mechanisms and methods, an answer has been sought to the question of whether domestic or international financing methods are primarily used in the integration financing through Bangladesh, which is one of the most vulnerable countries in need of adaptation. For going from general to specific, the literature summary about domestic financing instruments mentioned in the second section is summarized in the third section for Bangladesh. However, since the comparison of domestic and foreign finance on the subject is only the research made on the budget of the funds, only the funds have been examined in this last section of the dissertation. According to data from Bangladesh adaptation climate projects provided by both national government and foreign donors from Annual Development Program (ADP) documents and Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund, it has been observed that Bangladesh adaptation projects use their own domestic financing methods more than foreign donors. They have proven that the importance of foreign donations cannot be denied, more successful adaptation would be achieved with foreign support, but they get more efficiency by directing domestic financing resources as indicated in the structure of the projects, the needs of the sector, and the emergencies in the country.
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