Child labour in global perspective
Küresel bakış açısıyla çocuk işçiliği
- Tez No: 86191
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. HAKAN BAYKAL
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Uluslararası İlişkiler, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri, International Relations, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1999
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Marmara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Uluslararası İlişkiler (İngilizce) Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 286
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
ABSTRACT Child labour is hardly a new issue. But it is a one that has grown in disreputation together with the increasing awareness world-wide. The awareness ranges from emotive media attention to detailed scientific research, still, the comparative literature on child labour is rather splitted and generally in lack of a theoretical basis. The focal point has traditionally been on the hazards to the children, and how these should be brought to an end. From the human rights and labour standards perspective, the tendency has been towards ways of elimination of the practice while in case of international trade and investment the issue emerged as a means of unfair competition. The states, international organizations, private actors, trade unions and NGOs all took part 'against' the labouring of children though each from their own standpoints. This study suggests that, today's phase of uncontrolled globalization presents a range of various implications on children's life, especially those children who have to earn a subsistence income. Apparently, the transnational private actors which function beyond the limits of national sovereignty have shifted towards ever-cheaper sources of labour worldwide in their search for profit. However, this draws only a small part of the whole picture. The globalization of the world's economy, has marked the childhood of a considerable number of children with economic and social marginalisation and exclusion. Child labour, though it is a resultant of a wide-range of factors, mostly coexists with poverty. And the present phase of globalized world economy, though expected to result in convergence, certainly fosters inequality and marginalisation within and in between the nations. Child labour has become an issue necessitating global management. In this case, international efforts are to result in changing the behaviour of states in general and individuals in particular. In case of international human rights norms and labour standards, there seems to exist a global condemnation of child labour, which is generally lacking in practice. Such international norms are, generally adopted by ILO and the UN and the states voluntarily ratify IVthem, however the international legal regime seems to be rather lagging in case of enforcement when compared to setting standards. On the other hand, there has been considerable debate on whether international law should provide for more coercive measures like trade sanctions, in case of violation of human rights norms or labour standards. Still, the issue is not of punishments but rather of a well-traced solution. The world of child labour is becoming a more heterogeneous and complex one, and in turn simple solutions are unlikely to succeed. Despite the so-called homogenisation of the life styles world-wide as an outcome of globalization, there still exists numerous nations, that is, numerous cultures and ways of living around the world. The experience derived from one part of the world can not be superimposed in another. Henceforth, in search of possible solutions, cross-cultural comparison is essential. The solution to child labour lies in changing the behaviour of individuals and this is to be achieved by means of a compact network of socio-economic support, education, legislation and research. Though essential, the national efforts are generally inadequate in the milieu presented by the globalized world economy, hence the effort should be based on a broad alliance involving the international organisations, private actors, trade unions, NGOs, the families and the children themselves.
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