Son adım teslimatta otonom drone kullanımının kullanıcı kabulü
User acceptence of autonomous drone in last mile delivery
- Tez No: 888324
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. HATİCE CAMGÖZ AKDAĞ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2024
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İşletme Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: İşletme Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 99
Özet
Son yıllarda, covid-19 ile birlikte hızı artarak, son adım teslimat kavramının önemi artmıştır. Hızlı tüketim mallarının online kanallar vasıtasıyla talep edilmesinde bir artış gerçekleşmiştir.. Bu alandaki talebin artmasıyla birlikte yeni ihtiyaçlar oluşmuştur. Bu ihtiyaçlara cevap olabilecek son adım teslimat kanallarından birisi de drone ile teslimat olacağı söylenebilir. Son adım teslimat ürünün müşteriye ulaştırılması için son adım olarak nitelendirilebilir. Tedarik zinciri açısından bakılacak olursa, ham maddeden nihai ürünün oluşturulup tüketiciye ulaştırılması anlamına gelen tedarik zinciri halkalarının son halkası son adım teslimat olarak adlandırılır. Drone kelimesi bir takım pervaneler vasıtasıyla uçabilen, yatay veya dikey olarak hareket edebilen, araçları ifade etmektedir. Bu pervane sayıları üründen ürüne değişiklik göstermekte olup en az 3 adet olmaktadır. Otonom drone kavramı kendi kendine dışarıdan bir müdahale olmaksızın veya kısmi müdahale ile yatay ve dikey rotalar izlenerek uçarak varış noktasına ulaşabilen araçları ifade etmektedir. Lojistik süreçlerde, ürünün tüketiciye zamanında hasarsız olarak ulaştırılması müşteri açısından önemlidir. Bu süreçlerdeki gecikme müşterinin ürüne ve markaya dair aidiyet duygusunu azaltma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, son adım teslimat hızının holistik perspektifte optimum seviyeye getirilmesi şirketler açısından önem arz etmektedir. Burada optimum seviyeyi yakalayabilmiş şirketler pazar payını koruyarak veya arttırarak rekabet avantajı sağlayacaklardır. Mevcut araştırmada tüketicilerin son adım teslimatta otonom drone kullanımını nasıl algıladıkları incelenmiştir. Araştırmada yeni teknolojilerin kabulünde sıklıkla kullanılan Teknoloji Kabul ve Kullanım Birleştirilmiş Modeli (UTAUT) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada birden fazla değişken ve arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi nedeniyle Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) kullanılmıştır.278 katılımcı sorulara yanıt vermiştir. Değişkenler 5'li Likert (5= Kesinlikle Katılıyorum; 1= Kesinlikle Katılmıyorum) ölçeğinde hazırlanmıştır. Analiz sürecinde ise Smart-PLS 4 paket programı kullanılmıştır. UTAUT modeliyle oluşturulan aracı değişkenlerin (Performans Beklentisi, Çaba Beklentisi, Sosyal Etki ve Kolaylaştırıcı Koşullar) aracılık ettiği bağımsız değişkenlerin (Kalite, Teslimat Güvenilirliği, Risk ve Güven), bağımlı değişken Davranışsal Niyet üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H11 hipotezleri desteklenmiş, H10 ve H12 hipotezleri ise desteklenmemiş olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Böylece, Desteklenen hipotezler; kalitenin performans beklentisine etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Kullanıcıların cevaplarına göre, Teslimat güvenliğinin, performans beklentisine etkisi vardır. Kalitenin çaba beklentisine etkisi vardır. Teslimat güvenliğinin çaba beklentisi üzerinde etkisi vardır. Riskin sosyal etkiye etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, güvenilirliğin sosyal etkiye etkisi vardır, riskin kolaylaştırıcı koşullara etkisi vardır, güvenilirliğin kolaylaştırıcı koşullara etkisi vardır, performans beklentisinin davranışsal niyete etkisi vardır, sosyal etkinin davranışsal niyete etkisi vardır, sonuçlarına da ulaşılmıştır. Desteklenmeyen hipotezlere bakıldığında ise; çaba beklentisinin davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisi ve kolaylaştırıcı koşulların davranışsal niyete etkisi anlamlı değildir. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda literatüre paralel sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu teknolojinin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte, yeni bilimsel çalışmalar yapılabilir. Bu çalışmanın bilime katkı sağlayacağı ve toplumun refah seviyesinin yükselmesine etki edeceği umut edilir.
Özet (Çeviri)
In recent years, the importance of the concept of last-mile delivery has increased, with its speed increasing with Covid-19. During the covid-19 period, individuals stayed at home and could not go out, so they made their purchases through online channels.Therefore, the demand for fast moving consumer goods increased through online channels. With the increase in demand in this area, needs were created in parallel with this demand. This need problem required new solutions. It can be said that one of the last step delivery channels that can meet these needs will be delivery by drone. There have been major changes in the purchasing behavior of consumers who had to live at home during the Covid-19 period. E-commerce activities have spread rapidly. These activities have increased the importance of last-mile delivery and led to the search for different channels. Delivery by drone could be an important innovation in this regard. Drone delivery will be beneficial in reaching the optimal level from the perspective of efficiency, effectiveness and effectiveness compared to other last-mile delivery channels. The word“drone”refers to vehicles that can fly using a set of propellers, capable of moving horizontally or vertically, with the number of propellers varying from product to product, but typically being at least 3. The concept of autonomous drones refers to vehicles that can fly to their destination by following horizontal and vertical routes without external intervention. Autonomous drones can identify their surroundings through sensors and algorithms. Thus, autonomous drones have access to the information necessary for movement. This information can be processed and they can follow pre-planned routes. When unexpected obstacles are encountered while following these routes, a new routing can be made. Battery capacity, weather conditions and security conditions are important when optimizing this routing. In terms of cost, it will reduce costs at the operational level compared to other channels. It will also provide cost advantages in the long term by reducing the need for manpower and reducing fuel costs. It will reduce carbon emissions and reduce air pollution within the scope of sustainability targets. Despite these advantages, drone delivery faces difficulties due to some regulations and permits. There are some safety conditions for autonomous drones during flight.autonomous drones should not fly too close to people, buildings and other flying objects during flight. Developments in this area can be achieved with artificial intelligence. With the development of artificial intelligence, the autonomous flight capabilities of drones will increase. With this development, drones will be able to stay away from people, buildings and birds and become safer to use. In addition, with artificial intelligence, the optimum route will be determined by making analyses in terms of routing. This is important in terms of time management and cost management. Again, this artificial intelligence will be able to monitor weather changes during flight and apply appropriate safety protocols. Thus, it will be able to make new routing according to weather conditions. If battery capacities increase, flight duration will increase and energy efficiency will increase by reducing returns to the center. Therefore, development in battery capacities is necessary for improvement in autonomous drone flights. Thus, autonomous drones will be able to fly longer distances with longer flight times. Optimization in this area can be achieved by developing artificial intelligence that can optimize battery consumption in autonomous drones. In this area, the development of artificial intelligence can make autonomous drones more widespread and reliable by optimizing their use in last mile delivery. Last mile delivery can be thought of as the final step in getting the product to the customer. From a supply chain perspective, the final step in the supply chain, which involves creating the final product from raw materials and delivering it to the consumer, is called last mile delivery. Last mile delivery is one of the most complex stages of the supply chain. Here, the product must be delivered to the customer on time, without damage, and at minimum cost. Any delays in last mile delivery processes have the potential to diminish the customer's sense of ownership towards the product and the brand. In this context, optimizing the speed of last-mile delivery from a holistic perspective is important for companies. Companies that can achieve this optimal level will maintain or increase their market share, thus gaining a competitive advantage. The current study examines how consumers perceive the use of autonomous drones in last-mile delivery. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), commonly used in the acceptance of new technologies, was employed in the study. Due to the examination of multiple variables and their relationships, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The structural equation model examines the cause-effect relationship of more than one variable. 278 participants responded to the questions. Participants were reached online. Participants answered questions via Google form. The inventory used as a data collection method consists of 32 questions and 2 sections. The first section provides information about fast moving consumer goods and autonomous drone concepts. The second section includes scale questions and demographic characteristics. Questionaries were prepared on a 5-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree). Of the 278 participants who participated in the research, 0.7% were between 50-59 years of age, 7.9% were between 40-49 years of age, 8.6% were between 30-39 years of age, 45.7% were between 21-29 years of age, and 37.1% were between 18-20 years of age. Of the 278 participants who participated in the research, 84.2% were single and 15.8% were married. Of the 278 participants who participated in the research, 0.7% had primary school education, 5.8% had high school education, 63.3% had an associate degree, 19.1% had a bachelor's degree, and 11.2% had a postgraduate education. When the demographic characteristics were examined, it could be said that individuals between the ages of 18-29 constituted 82.8% and were predominant. As a result of the research, it could be said that the intention of users was due to the fact that the majority of the participants were young individuals.The Smart-PLS 4 program was used in the analysis process. The impact of independent variables (Quality, Delivery Security, Risk, and Trust) on the dependent variable Behavioral Intention, mediated by intermediary variables (Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions) created with the UTAUT model, has been examined. According to the results of the study; It was concluded that the hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H11 were supported, while the hypotheses H10 and H12 were not supported. Thus, Supported hypotheses; It has been observed that quality has an impact on performance expectations. According to answers of users, Delivery security has an impact on performance expectation. Quality has an impact on effort expectancy. Delivery security has an impact on effort expectancy. Risk has an impact on social impact. In addition, reliability has an impact on social impact, risk has an impact on facilitating conditions, reliability has an impact on facilitating conditions, performance expectation has an impact on behavioral intention, social impact has an impact on behavioral intention, and the results have been reached. When we look at the unsupported hypotheses; The effect of effort expectation on behavioral intention and the effect of facilitating conditions on behavioral intention are not significant. The results of the analysis yielded conclusions parallel to those in the literature. The conclusion section of the research includes interpretations of the results we found. The findings were explained in detail and their meaning and importance were emphasized. The general characteristics of the data used in our study were stated in detail. In order to evaluate the results more widely, differences and similarities with similar studies in the literature were included and evaluations were made. Suggestions were made for future studies. These suggestions provide the opportunity to fill the gaps in the literature. As the service in question becomes more widespread, usage will increase. Thus, new scientific studies can be carried out and thus significant progress can be made in the field of last-mile delivery. The study may contribute to developments by providing information to companies considering investing in this field. Thanks to the innovations provided by the use of autonomous drones in last-mile delivery, it can lead to improvements in society's welfare level and quality of life. It is predicted that these developments will produce positive results both at the individual and social levels, and a more sustainable and healthy life will be possible in the future. It is hoped that this study will contribute to science and increase the welfare of society.
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