Siyah alaca siğirlarin süt ve döl verim özellikleri üzerindeki bazi çevresel faktörlerin etkileri
Effects of some environmental factors on milk and reproductive characteristics of holstein cattle
- Tez No: 962833
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. HALİL GÜNEŞ
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Veteriner Hekimliği, Veterinary Medicine
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2025
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Zootekni Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Zootekni Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 259
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Siyah Alaca sığırların bazı süt ve döl verimi özellikleri ve bu özellikler üzerindeki bazı çevresel faktörlerin etkilerinin incelenmesi ile, sığırlardan daha yüksek verimler alınmasında kullanılacak bilgilerin edinilmesi, bunlara karşı veya uygun önlemlerin belirlenmesi ve uygun yönetim modellerinin önerilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın materyalini, Türkiye'nin sığır yetiştiriciliği bakımından önemli olan Trakya Bölgesi'ndeki Tekirdağ ili Malkara ilçesi İshakça Mahallesi'ndeki Karyem Saraca Çiftliği'nde bulunan Siyah-Alaca ırkından sığırların verileri oluşturmuştur. Bu değerlendirmede 582 Siyah Alaca sığıra ait 1305 kayıt kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, variyasyonu sınıflar halinde gösteren faktörlerin etki payları ve çevre etkilerinin genel variyasyondaki oranları, verilerin çok yönlü gruplandırılmış tablolarından yararlanılarak ve verime etkili faktörlerin payları minimum kareler (least squares means, LSM) metodu ile belirlenmiştir. İncelenen verim parametrelerine ait ortalama değerlerin belirlenen gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırılmaları ve bu gruplar arasındaki farklılıkların önem kontrolleri Duncan-testi ile yapılmıştır. Verilerin istatistik analizlerinde, incelenen faktörler arasında önemli düzeyde interaksiyon bulunmadığı varsayılmış ve hazırlanan modellere göre kurulan çok bilinmeyenli denklem sistemleri General Linear Models (GLM) prosedürü kullanılarak çözülmüştür. Çalışmada, ilk tohumlanma yaşı 14,46 ay, ilk gebelik yaşı 16,99 ay ve ilk buzağılama yaşı 25,20 ay, doğumdan sonraki ilk servis periyodu 69,48 gün, açık periyod 107,03 gün ve buzağılama aralığı 395,06 gün, gebelik için yapılan tohumlama sayısı 2,29 ve gebelik süresi 279,54 gün, laktasyon süresi 326,67 gün, kuruda kalma süresi 67,70 gün, laktasyon ve 305 günlük süt verimi 8508,84 kg ve 7720,73 kg, laktasyon ve 305 günlük dönemlerdeki günlük süt ortalaması 25,96 kg ve 25,31 kg, pik günü 57,66 gün, pikteki süt verimi 37,91 kg, pik süresi 19,01 gün, pikteki günlük ve toplam süt verimi 36,39 kg ve 695,88 kg, süt veriminin sürekliliğine ait değerler %71,12, %48,94 ve %67,29 bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, araştırmanın yürütüldüğü bu işletmedeki verim düzeylerinin genel ortalamalarının kabul edilebilir düzeylerde bulunmasına karşılık, alt gruplar incelendiğinde değerlerin tatmin edici düzeylerde olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, işletmedeki yönetim organizasyonunun iyi olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu işletmedeki sürü yönetiminin iyileştirilmesi için bulgulara göre düzenlemelerin yapılması gerektiği önerilmektedir.
Özet (Çeviri)
In this study, it was aimed to obtain information that will be used to obtain higher productivity from cattle, to determine appropriate measures against them and to recommend appropriate management models by examining some milk and fertility characteristics of Holstein Friesian cattle and the effects of some environmental factors on these characteristics. The material of this research consists of data from Holstein Friesian cattle from Karyem Saraca Farm in İshakça Neighborhood of Malkara district of Tekirdağ province in the Thrace Region, which is important in terms of cattle breeding in Turkey. In this evaluation, 1305 records belonging to 582 Holstein Friesian cattle were used. In the study, the effect shares of the factors showing the variation in classes and the ratios of environmental effects in the general variation were determined by using the multi-dimensional grouped tables of the data and the shares of the factors affecting the yield were determined by the least squares means (LSM) method. The comparisons of the average values of the examined yield parameters between the determined groups and the significance controls of the differences between these groups were made by the Duncan-test. In the statistical analysis of the data, it was assumed that there was no significant interaction between the factors examined and the equation systems with multiple unknowns established according to the prepared models were solved using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure. In the study, the first insemination age was 14.46 months, the first pregnancy age was 16.99 months and the first calving age was 25.20 months, the first service period after birth was 69.48 days, the open period was 107.03 days and the calving interval was 395.06 days, the number of inseminations for pregnancy was 2.29 and the gestation period was 279.54 days, the lactation period was 326.67 days, the dry period was 67.70 days, the lactation and 305-day milk yields were 8805.84 kg and 7720.73 kg, the average daily milk in lactation and 305-day periods was 25.96 kg and 25.31 kg, the peak day was 57.66 days, the peak milk yield was 37.91 kg, the peak duration was 19.01 days, the daily and total milk yield at peak was 36.39 kg and 695.88 kg, and the values for the persistency of milk yield were 71.12%, 48.94% and 67.29%, respectively. As a result, although the general averages of the productivity levels in this farm where the research was conducted were found to be at acceptable levels, when the subgroups were examined, it was observed that the values were not at satisfactory levels. These findings indicate that the management organization in the farm is not good. It is suggested that arrangements should be made according to the findings to improve the herd management in this farm In this study, it was aimed to obtain information that will be used to obtain higher productivity from cattle, to determine appropriate measures against them and to recommend appropriate management models by examining some milk and fertility characteristics of Holstein Friesian cattle and the effects of some environmental factors on these characteristics. The material of this research consists of data from Holstein Friesian cattle from Karyem Saraca Farm in İshakça Neighborhood of Malkara district of Tekirdağ province in the Thrace Region, which is important in terms of cattle breeding in Turkey. In this evaluation, 1305 records belonging to 582 Holstein Friesian cattle were used. In the study, the effect shares of the factors showing the variation in classes and the ratios of environmental effects in the general variation were determined by using the multi-dimensional grouped tables of the data and the shares of the factors affecting the yield were determined by the least squares means (LSM) method. The comparisons of the average values of the examined yield parameters between the determined groups and the significance controls of the differences between these groups were made by the Duncan-test. In the statistical analysis of the data, it was assumed that there was no significant interaction between the factors examined and the equation systems with multiple unknowns established according to the prepared models were solved using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure. In the study, the first insemination age was 14.46 months, the first pregnancy age was 16.99 months and the first calving age was 25.20 months, the first service period after birth was 69.48 days, the open period was 107.03 days and the calving interval was 395.06 days, the number of inseminations for pregnancy was 2.29 and the gestation period was 279.54 days, the lactation period was 326.67 days, the dry period was 67.70 days, the lactation and 305-day milk yields were 8805.84 kg and 7720.73 kg, the average daily milk in lactation and 305-day periods was 25.96 kg and 25.31 kg, the peak day was 57.66 days, the peak milk yield was 37.91 kg, the peak duration was 19.01 days, the daily and total milk yield at peak was 36.39 kg and 695.88 kg, and the values for the persistency of milk yield were 71.12%, 48.94% and 67.29%, respectiIn this study, it was aimed to obtain information that will be used to obtain higher productivity from cattle, to determine appropriate measures against them and to recommend appropriate management models by examining some milk and fertility characteristics of Holstein Friesian cattle and the effects of some environmental factors on these characteristics. The material of this research consists of data from Holstein Friesian cattle from Karyem Saraca Farm in İshakça Neighborhood of Malkara district of Tekirdağ province in the Thrace Region, which is important in terms of cattle breeding in Turkey. In this evaluation, 1305 records belonging to 582 Holstein Friesian cattle were used. In the study, the effect shares of the factors showing the variation in classes and the ratios of environmental effects in the general variation were determined by using the multi-dimensional grouped tables of the data and the shares of the factors affecting the yield were determined by the least squares means (LSM) method. The comparisons of the average values of the examined yield parameters between the determined groups and the significance controls of the differences between these groups were made by the Duncan-test. In the statistical analysis of the data, it was assumed that there was no significant interaction between the factors examined and the equation systems with multiple unknowns established according to the prepared models were solved using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure. In the study, the first insemination age was 14.46 months, the first pregnancy age was 16.99 months and the first calving age was 25.20 months, the first service period after birth was 69.48 days, the open period was 107.03 days and the calving interval was 395.06 days, the number of inseminations for pregnancy was 2.29 and the gestation period was 279.54 days, the lactation period was 326.67 days, the dry period was 67.70 days, the lactation and 305-day milk yields were 8805.84 kg and 7720.73 kg, the average daily milk in lactation and 305-day periods was 25.96 kg and 25.31 kg, the peak day was 57.66 days, the peak milk yield was 37.91 kg, the peak duration was 19.01 days, the daily and total milk yield at peak was 36.39 kg and 695.88 kg, and the values for the persistency of milk yield were 71.12%, 48.94% and 67.29%, respectively. As a result, although the general averages of the productivity levels in this farm where the research was conducted were found to be at acceptable levels, when the subgroups were examined, it was observed that the values were not at satisfactory levels. These findings indicate that the management organization in the farm is not good. It is suggested that arrangements should be made according to the findings to improve the herd management in this farm vely. As a result, although the general averages of the productivity levels in this farm where the research was conducted were found to be at acceptable levels, when the subgroups were examined, it was observed that the values were not at satisfactory levels. These findings indicate that the management organization in the farm is not good. It is suggested that arrangements should be made according to the findings to improve the herd management in this farm In this study, it was aimed to obtain information that will be used to obtain higher productivity from cattle, to determine appropriate measures against them and to recommend appropriate management models by examining some milk and fertility characteristics of Holstein Friesian cattle and the effects of some environmental factors on these characteristics. The material of this research consists of data from Holstein Friesian cattle from Karyem Saraca Farm in İshakça Neighborhood of Malkara district of Tekirdağ province in the Thrace Region, which is important in terms of cattle breeding in Turkey. In this evaluation, 1305 records belonging to 582 Holstein Friesian cattle were used. In the study, the effect shares of the factors showing the variation in classes and the ratios of environmental effects in the general variation were determined by using the multi-dimensional grouped tables of the data and the shares of the factors affecting the yield were determined by the least squares means (LSM) method. The comparisons of the average values of the examined yield parameters between the determined groups and the significance controls of the differences between these groups were made by the Duncan-test. In the statistical analysis of the data, it was assumed that there was no significant interaction between the factors examined and the equation systems with multiple unknowns established according to the prepared models were solved using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure. In the study, the first insemination age was 14.46 months, the first pregnancy age was 16.99 months and the first calving age was 25.20 months, the first service period after birth was 69.48 days, the open period was 107.03 days and the calving interval was 395.06 days, the number of inseminations for pregnancy was 2.29 and the gestation period was 279.54 days, the lactation period was 326.67 days, the dry period was 67.70 days, the lactation and 305-day milk yields were 8805.84 kg and 7720.73 kg, the average daily milk in lactation and 305-day periods was 25.96 kg and 25.31 kg, the peak day was 57.66 days, the peak milk yield was 37.91 kg, the peak duration was 19.01 days, the daily and total milk yield at peak was 36.39 kg and 695.88 kg, and the values for the persistency of milk yield were 71.12%, 48.94% and 67.29%, respectively. As a result, although the general averages of the productivity levels in this farm where the research was conducted were found to be at acceptable levels, when the subgroups were examined, it was observed that the values were not at satisfactory levels. These findings indicate that the management organization in the farm is not good. It is suggested that arrangements should be made according to the findings to improve the herd management in this farm
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