Mimari mekan kimliğini belirleyen yönüyle doğal ışık
Natural light with its aspect determining the identity of the architectural space
- Tez No: 126713
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. TÜRKAN ULUSU URAZ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2002
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Bina Bilgisi Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 108
Özet
MİMARİ MEKAN KİMLİĞİNİ BELİRLEYEN YÖNÜYLE DOĞAL IŞIK ÖZET Mimarlık, mekânın ya da boşluğun özelleşmiş bir hali olan“mimari mekân”la, doğrudan ilişkilidir ve hatta mekân kavramının ve mekân olgusunun, mimarlığın en önemli kavram ve olgularından biri olduğu ileri sürülebilir. Mimarlık kuramlarına mekan kavramının girişinde S. Gidion, B. Zevi ve Schulz'un mekana getirdikleri yeni bakış açılan etkili olmuştur. Mekanın, mimarlığın odak noktası haline getirilmesinden ve özellikle Louis I. Kahn'ın mekan-ışık ilişkisi üzerine yaptığı çalışmalarla doğal ışığın mimari mekan kimliğini belirleyen boyutlarına ilişkin çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır En genel tanımıyla sınırlandırılmış boşluk olan mekanın kimliğinin belirlenmesinde ışık önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Doğal ışığın tasarımda mimari mekanın kimliğini belirlemesi ve ona biçim vermesi, mekanın boşluk aracılığı ile düşünülmesiyle olur. Mimari mekanın önemli boyutlarından biri olarak ışık; diğer tasarım öğelerinin yanı sıra, mekanın algılanmasını sağlamakta, onun anlam ve karakter kazanmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Işık, tasarım sürecini tamamlayıcı ve mekanın biçimlenişinde önemle gerek duyulan bir öğedir. Bir mimari mekandaki ışığın nitelik ve niceliği, insanın duygularında, çevreyle iletişiminde ve davranışlarında, aynı zamanda da mekana anlam vermesinde büyük etkendir. Bu çalışmada doğal ışığın mekan kimliğinin belirlenmesinde, ışığın mekanın okunmasına, mekan etkisine ve estetik değerlendirmesine olmak üzere üç farklı boyuttaki katkısı düşünülmüş ve sırasıyla bu durumlar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın kapsamında, seçilen bazı çağdaş mimarların doğal ışıkla ilgili görüşlerine ve binalarından örneklere yer verilmiştir. Doğal ışığın mekan kimliğini belirleyen yönünün anlaşılmasında mekandaki deneyimin önemi ortaya konmuştur. Doğal ışığın düşünülerek tasarlandığı binalarda sonucun daha özgün olabileceği vurgulanmıştır.Mimarlık eğitiminde doğal ışığın bu tarz kullanımının geliştirilebilmesi için bazı öneriler getirilmiştir. viii
Özet (Çeviri)
NATURAL LIGHT WITH ITS ASPECT DETERMINING THE IDENTITY OF THE ARCHITECTURAL SPACE SUMMARY Architecture is the art of spatial organization. Therefore the space and the form that contains it are its subject matter. The space is an enclosed void and this void can not be imagined without light. Volumes, objects, textures and colours can be seen only when there is light. The precise appearance of an object depends on characteristics of light such as the intensity, directionality and so on. Le Corbusier explains the importance of light with these words;“architecture being the masterly, correct and magnificent play of the masses which are brought together in light. Our eyes are made to see forms in light; light and shade reveal these forms.”So light is a necessity for the apprehension of an architectural space. In the access of space concept to the architectural theories, the new points of view, brought by S. Gidion, B. Zevi and Schulz on the space notion, have been effective. Architecture is directly related to the 'architectural space', which is a specialized state of space or void and besides, it can be asserted that the space concept and space phenomenon is one of the most important concepts and phenomena of the architecture. According to Zevi (1948)“plans, sections and elevations that used to represent a building are just measurable values for length, height and width in three dimensions. These are the facts describing the space. There is also space in which human lives and moves. The real space and the devices that represent it are very different and in fact this space can only be perceived by experience”. What Zevi calls experience is significantly affected by light. Architects use plans, sections and elevations in order to visualise the space they have conceived. These designed spaces are mostly thought regarding the architectural components of the space (wall, ceiling, slab, etc), function and their representatives. The representation (performance) of space is not so simple but there are such architectural elements that their representation is not simple either, for example light Because of this fact, with one or two exceptions, architects drawings and sketches hardly show any consideration for natural light. Thus functional aspects dominate the educational practices too as it is that much more tangible than the elusive idea of void revealed by light. Quite obviously as the function is treated as being overwhelmingly important, conceptualising space that is animated by light appears to be a problem for most architects. In the architectural space, besides the functional aspect of the natural light, there is another aspect of it defining and shaping the space. Defining the character of the architectural space and giving shape to it by the natural light in the design, occur by the space being thought by means of void. Being one of the important members of the architectural space, light, in addition to the other design elements, provides the space being perceived, plays a significant role in its acquiring sense and character. ixLight is an important component required to complete the design period and shape the space. The quality and quantity of the light in an architectural space is a great factor on the person's feelings, communication with the environment and behavior and at the same time giving a sense to the space. In fact, in the history of architecture, the natural light is utilized, with its aspect of assigning sense to the space, especially in the religious architecture. But especially with the rational and functional understanding, the natural light has been used to render the space visible and create bright spaces and this situation has caused of architecture without essence, when we consider in light aspect. Studies concerning the aspects of natural light that determine the identity of the architectural space have been intensified after space had been brought up as the focus of architecture and especially the studies on space-light relation performed by Louis I. Kahn. In the scope of this study, the subject of 'the natural light's determining the identity of the architectural space' was searched. In this direction, 'architectural space and natural light' makes up the second chapter. Firstly, architectural space concept was handled. Space concept and place concept were defined and beyond the 3 dimensional physical properties of the space, it was stated that it has a multi-meaning structure originating from the existence of the human being. After that, the definition of the natural light is given and light-shadow relation was explained. Light-darkness relation was investigated in the usage of light in sense aspect. According to several classifications, types of light were brought up. The physical-measurable sides of the natural light in the architectural space were out of the scope of the search; its additions to the space and qualitative aspects were raised. In the third chapter, the architectural space and the natural light concepts were intersected. In this chapter, natural light and space identity were explained. What kind of a role the natural light plays on determining the space identity was stated. In the determination of the space identity, light's additions in three different dimensions namely, reading the space, affect and aesthetical evaluation and respectively these situations were examined by the help of different examples. In the forth chapter, in the history of architecture, the effect of light on the identity of the space was stated. Natural light was investigated from Egyptian architecture to today, then modern architects utilizing the natural light with its aspects of giving identity to their architectural works and the examples of the buildings were examined and lastly, the conclusions and recommendations were stated. In the conclusion part, the importance of the experience in the space on understanding the aspect of the light determining the identity of the space was stated. It was stressed that the result could be more original in the buildings designed regarding the natural light. Some recommendations were brought in order this kind of usage of the natural light can be improved in the education of architecture. x
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