Verimlilik ölçümü
Productivity measurement
- Tez No: 14391
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. ATAÇ SOYSAL
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1991
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 131
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı verimlilik ve verimlilik ölçüm kavramlarına yeni bir bakış acısı get irmektir. Enerji, çevre, enflasyon, kaynak kıtlığı, uluslararası rekabet ve işsizlik gibi problemler mühendislik mesleğini ciddi bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle. bir endüstri mühendisi de yukarıda sayılan problemlere özellikle enflasyon, issizlik ve uluslararası rekabet gibi konularla ilgilenmek durumundadır. Bu sayılanlar ise verimlilik artışı ile üstesinden gelinebilecek problemlerdir ve verimlilik profosyonel endüstri mühendisliği uygulamalarında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Çalışma genel olarak organi zasyonel düzeyde verimlilik ölçümü, planlaması geliştirilmesi konularını içermektedir. Bu teorik kısmın yanında, isgücü verimliliğini ölçmeyi, kontrol etmeyi ve geliştirmeyi hedefleyen ve bir konfeksiyon isletmesinde gerçekleştirilen verimlilik roporu tanıtılmıştır. m
Özet (Çeviri)
PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT SUMMARY National problems of energy, environment, in-flat 3 on, material shortages, mass transportation, urban blight, international competition and unemployment seriously impact the engineering profession. The INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER is, and should be intimately concerned with most of these problems - spesi f ical 1 y inflation, unemployment, and international competition. These are the problems identified as those which can be solved by increasing PRODUCTIVITY. And productivity is the recognized are& of professional industrial engineering practice. If the industrial engineer is to be concerned with solving problems of inflation, unemployment, and international competition, he neeas to understand why and how these are national problems, be aware of how these problems are, interrelated, and relate their effect to the national economy. This study (PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES) is an attempt to define productivity in a generic fashion. There can and always wi J 1 be different views o-f productivity, but there must be a mechanism for integrating those. views into a common definition. - Pert one presents a comprehensive productivity concept. IV- In this part, the historical background and the importance of productivity Bre also examined. - This part focuses on productivity -from a variety of viewpoints. - Fundemental definitions are discussed. - Productivity and some concepts (Technology, management, human resource etc) relationships Bre studied. - Fart two, represents some approachs to productivity measurement. This part examines; - Macro and micro productivity measurements. - Primer and seconder productivity measurements. - Partial productivity measurements. - Total -factor productivity measurements. - Partial and total factor productivity measurement re la t ion sh ips. - Break even point and total factor productivity relationships. - Normative productivity measurement system. - Productivity management system. - Part three presents, productivity improvement techniques. This part examines; - The productivity improvement concept. ' - Analytical productivity improvement model. - The factors, affect the productivity improvement negatively. - The factors, affect the productivity improvement posi t i vely. -? Part four presents productivity planning models.This part- examines; - The basic concepts deal with productivity. - Productivity planning cycle. - The importance of productivity planning. - Long and short term productivity planning models. - Part -five presents evaluation of productivity improvement by productivity evaluation trees. - Part six presents a practical study which examines the labor productivity in a confection -factory. Productivity is simply the relationship between the outputs generated -from a system and the inputs provided to create those outputs. Inputs in the general -form o-f labor (human resources), capital (physical and -financial capital assets), energy, materials, and data sre brought into a system. These resources Are trans-formed into outputs (good and services). Productivity is the relationship o-f the amount produced by a given system during a given period of- time, and the quantity o-f resources consumed to create or produce those outputs over the same period o-f time. Regardless o-f perspective (political, economic, phychologica 1, engineer ı dp, managerial, and so -forth) the basic definition for productivity always remains the same. What does change, based on perspective, are the boundaries, sine, type and scope of the system being examined. Most politicians and many economists are interested in a macro systems perspective. They focus on a nation, a region, â state or perhaps an industry. Tis complicates the productivity VIissue somewhat because those are so many organisations within the boundaries of each a* these systems, with so many different types of inputs transformations, and outputs. Nevertheless, much effort is and has been expended to analyse relationships among outputs and inputs for such systems as a nation, a state and an industry. The task of measuring productivity is also essentialy the same regardless of the system being investigated. The economist or politician interested in measuring the productivity of a nation has to operat ional ise the same- relationship of output to input that the plant manager must to measure the productivity of a plant. Of course, data. sources, collection methods and devices, analysis approachs, and so forth, will vary from system to system ; however, the same basic relationship is being opera t i on al ised. Although the primary focus of this study at or below the level of the firm or organisation. The most common indicator used to measure productivity is expressed as the ratio of output to thc= number of employees or to employee hours. The labor ratio is the most pervasive indicator of productivity because labor is almost universia.Jlv required to produce goods and services for the time being no robots produce their offspring without human help. Aside from the fact that labor input is easier to measure vnthan other factors. Almost every type of capital energy or raw material input - re-f 1 ects the cumulative cost of the labor used to produce it. The measurement of labor productivity reflects changes in efficiency over time but it reveals about the reasons accounting for these changes or their sources. For these reasons a method which presents labor performance in a confection plant ere introduced. VTTT
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