Kalite kavramının ekonomik boyutları
Economic dimensions of qualty concept
- Tez No: 39302
- Danışmanlar: Y.DOÇ.DR. TUFAN V. KOÇ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1994
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 131
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmada son yılların en gözde yönetim terimlerinden biri olan“ Kalite ”kavramı ve bu kavramın, ekonomik boyutları stratejik açıdan incelenmiştir. Bundan önce bu konuda yapılan çalışmalarda konunun kalite ve maliyet yönüne önem verilirken, kalite ve gelirler arasındaki ilişki ihmal edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, bu tezde, konunun bu yönüne ağırlık verilmeye çalışılmış ancak konunun bütünlüğünü zedelememek amacıyla kalite maliyetleri konusuna da yer verilmiştir. Tezin ilk bölümünde, kalite kavraminin yerleşmesine neden olan şartlar değerlendirilmiş, kavramın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için gelişimi, organizasyon yapısı kapsamlı olarak ele alınmıştır. ikinci bölümde, kalite maliyetleri ele alınmış, bu kavramın gelişimi ile en çok kabul görmüş sınıflandırma çerçevesinde, kategorilerin analiz edilmesinde kullanılan kriterler ve tekniklere değinilmiştir. Üçüncü ve dördüncü bölümlerde ise işletmenin satış gelirlerini etkileyen faktörler ele alınmış irdeleme kolaylığı nedeniyle de işletmenin dışında oluşanlar ve işletmenin içinde oluşanlar şeklinde bir sınıflandırmaya gidilmiştir. Son bölümde, işletmenin satış gelirlerini etkileyen tüm faktörler bir model çerçevesinde incelenmeye çalışılmış,“ Göreli Fark Analizi ”adı verilen bir metod vasıtasıyla da satış rakamlarında planlanan değerlerden meydana gelen sapmaların nedenleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu metod ve modelin bir uygulaması da Türk Demirdöküm Fabrikalan A.Ş.'nin ürettiği ve pazarladığı 5 ürün üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
The activities regarding these factors are generally in the responsibility of marketing departments or groups. Modem marketing concept also emphasizes the importance of the satisfaction of the customers. Therefore, there is an exciting similiarity between total quality concept and marketing concept. The analysis of the internal and external factors together make it possible for a model to be formed. The first step of the model depends on the rough truth that the external factors influencing the sales (explained in Part 3) affect the demand of a product and the internal factors influencing the sales (explained in Part 4) affect the market share of a product. Since the sales volume of a product is a function of these two parameters (the product of them), a hierarchical model can be sat upon this acceptance. The demand is a function of environmental factors and customer behavior (external factors) and internal factors are afunction of two ratios called as business approach ratio and successful ratio. Business approach ratio also called as market coverage ratio defines the percent of the market by which the company can or want to meet the total demand of the product range with its products. This ratio depends on the number of the company's distribution channels, number of its salesmen, the sufficiency of its customer list. The company can not or does not want to meet all the demands of a product. In most cases it is impossible or non- affordable. Although every company wants to cover all of the market with its product range, it is nearly impossible to achieve this. Because in each market there goes a pitiless competition among the firms and each of them are trying to do their bests. Successful ratio is defined as the ratio of the demand which is met by the products of a certain company to the demand to which the company makes business approach. Market share is found to be a function of these two ratios (the product of them), business approach ratio and successful ratio. According to the mentioned functions (equations) sales and market share can be analyzed with a method called“ Relative Difference Analysis ”(RDA). V1USUMMARY ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY CONCEPT The study is about the most important - probably the most - concepts of the decade :“ Quality ”. A great number of studies have been made about this subject, especially after the economic successes of Japanese companies in automative and electronic business. According to the results of the studies and opinions of executives the reason of the success of Japanese firms was the satisfaction of their customers. Since the concept of quality has evolved a lot during the years, the first part of thesis was decided to be about the basic concepts of term quality. In order to make the concepts clearer, the historic evolution was also explained in detail. What quality meant forty years ago and what it meant now is really important so as to understand why Total Quality Management (TQM) is so popular worldwide. One of the most important points about total quality management is the lean organization which is one of the musts of the achievement of TQM programmes. Therefore, one sub title was assigned to total quality organizations. It is a well known fact that the economic dimension of quality is the most important side of TQM for the upper management. All these activities are for the purpose of a better, profitable firm in long range. Because of this reason a great number of studies have been made about the relationship between quality and costs which are called as non-conformance costs or quality costs. Since the studies about quality costs are detailed enough, this side of quality and economy relationship (quality costs) is explained within its main classification and not given in detail. A model is set up due to the classification of the quality costs and quality costs are tried to be evaluated within this model. In spite of all the studies about quality costs, the other side of quality and corporate economy of the firm relationship has always been neglected by academicians and businessmen. It is very astonishing to realize this fact because there seems to be a close connection between quality and income. What is meant with income in the thesis is the income obtained by sales of a firm. VISUMMARY ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY CONCEPT The study is about the most important - probably the most - concepts of the decade :“ Quality ”. A great number of studies have been made about this subject, especially after the economic successes of Japanese companies in automative and electronic business. According to the results of the studies and opinions of executives the reason of the success of Japanese firms was the satisfaction of their customers. Since the concept of quality has evolved a lot during the years, the first part of thesis was decided to be about the basic concepts of term quality. In order to make the concepts clearer, the historic evolution was also explained in detail. What quality meant forty years ago and what it meant now is really important so as to understand why Total Quality Management (TQM) is so popular worldwide. One of the most important points about total quality management is the lean organization which is one of the musts of the achievement of TQM programmes. Therefore, one sub title was assigned to total quality organizations. It is a well known fact that the economic dimension of quality is the most important side of TQM for the upper management. All these activities are for the purpose of a better, profitable firm in long range. Because of this reason a great number of studies have been made about the relationship between quality and costs which are called as non-conformance costs or quality costs. Since the studies about quality costs are detailed enough, this side of quality and economy relationship (quality costs) is explained within its main classification and not given in detail. A model is set up due to the classification of the quality costs and quality costs are tried to be evaluated within this model. In spite of all the studies about quality costs, the other side of quality and corporate economy of the firm relationship has always been neglected by academicians and businessmen. It is very astonishing to realize this fact because there seems to be a close connection between quality and income. What is meant with income in the thesis is the income obtained by sales of a firm. VIThis analysis proves that, with a specific approximation, the relative difference of sales (the deviation of the sales from a planned, aimed value) is the sum of the relative difference of demand and the relative difference of market share. With the same approach, the relative difference of market share is found to be the sum of the relative differences of business approach ratio and successful ratio. The application of Relative Difference Analysis method implies the necessity of forming a model concerning sales. The model depends upon two main formulas and tries to show all of the factors influencing sales process. If a sales gap (deviation from a planned value) occcurs, the RDA method can be put into application. The gap may occur either because of a gap in demand or of a gap in market share. The analysis of the gap in demand leads to the external factors (explained in Chapter 3) on which the company can have no or little influence. Similiarly, the analysis of the gap in market share leads to the internal factors (explained in Chapter 4). Furthermore, the gap in the market share leads us to the analysis of two ratios most of which are closely related with the modern quality concept. After analyzing the results of Relative Difference Analysis method and the model (Sales Structure Model), the company can make investigations and take the necessary precautions. In the 5th and last chapter of the study, this Relative Difference Analysis method and Sales Structure Model are explained in detail. Since the main aim of the thesisis to analyze the relationship between sales and modern quality corcept, an application is prepared with the sales, demand, market share, business approach ratio and successful ratio values in Türk Demirdöküm Fabrikalan A.Ş. The values excluding ratio's values (both planned and actual) are taken from the company's annual programmes. IXSince the company does not use the two ratios, a prediction has to be done at least for one of them. So as to stop confusion, business approach ratio was considered as a very high value regarding the distribution efficiency of the firm. The sales structure model explained proves how the sales of afirm can be affected by quality concept.
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