Japon bıldırcınlarının (Coturnix Cotirnix Japonica) çeşitli verim özelliklerine ait genetik ve fenotipik parametreler
Genetic and phenotypik parameters of various production traits in the Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica
- Tez No: 58866
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. AHMET ALTINEL
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Veteriner Hekimliği, Veterinary Medicine
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Zootekni (Veterinerlik) Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 63
Özet
6. ÖZET Bu çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni Anabilim Dalı Bıldırcın Araştırma Ünitesi'nde yetiştirilen Japon bıldırcını (Coturnix coturnix japonica) populasyonuna ait yumurtalarda döllülük oram, kuluçka randımanı ve çıkım gücü, yaşama gücü, büyüme hızı, eşeysel olgunluk yaşı, yemden yararlanma oram, yumurta verimi ve yumurta ağırlığı gibi değişik verim özellikleri ile ilgili genetik ve fenotipik parametrelerin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, ünitede bulunan bıldırcınlardan rastgele seçilmek üzere 40 adet anne-baba grubu ve bu gruplara ait öz-kardeş familyaları oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma boyunca, %16 ham protein ve 2700 Kcal/kg Metabolik Enerji içeren yem ile besleme, 6 haftalık büyüme döneminde 24 saat/gün, yumurtlama döneminde ise 18 saat/gün aydınlatma programı uygulanarak yetiştirme yapılmıştır. Ortam ısısı, yetiştirmenin ilk haftasında 30-36°C, diğer dönemlerde 20-24°C arasında tutulmuştur. Erkek-dişi oram 1:1 olacak şekilde yetiştirme yapılarak, Japon bıldırcınların kuluçka özellikleri ile ilgili bulguların saptanmasında 6 değişik yaş döneminde toplam 2599 adet yumurta değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Çıkımdan sonraki 3. ay ile 8. ay yaşlar arasında toplanan yumurtalarda genel olarak, döllülük oram %94.00, çıkım gücü %63.65 ve kuluçka randımanı %59.83 düzeyinde bulunmuştur. En yüksek çıkım gücü ve kuluçka randımanı düzeyinin 6 aylık yaşta, en düşük değerler ise 3 ve 4 aylık yaşta gözlenmiştir. Yaşama gücünün belirlenmesi için, cilamdan 6 haftalık yaşa kadar olan 1527 adet bıldırcın incelenmiş ve yaşama gücü oranlan sırası ile %91.94, %86.90, %82.65, %79.24, %76.88 ve %75.90 düzeyinde bulunmuştur.51 Japon bıldırcınlarında canlı ağırlıkların saptanmasında, 1245 adet bildireni incelenmiş ve 0., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5. ve 6. hafta canlı ağırlık ortalamaları sırası ile 7.89 g, 22.86 g, 46.58 g, 78.46 g, 109.53 g, 142.73 g ve 169.25 g düzeyinde bulunmuştur. Erkek ve dişilere ait canlı ağırlık düzeyleri ise yukarıdaki dönemler için sırası ile 7.86 g ve 7.92 g, 22.72 g ve 23.00 g, 46.48 g ve 46.67 g, 78.21 g ve 78.72 g, 108.10 g ve 111.00 g, 138.46 g ve 147.14 g, 159.01 g ve 179.79 g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Erkek ve dişilerin canlı ağırlık ortalamalarının ilk üç hafta birbirine benzer düzeyde olduğu, 4. haftadan itibaren ise dişilerin canlı ağırlık ortalamalarının erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (P
Özet (Çeviri)
7. SUMMARY This study has been carried out to investigate the genetic and phenotypic parameters regarding various productivity characteristics of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonicd) population grown in University of Istanbul, Faculty of Veterinary, Zootechnia Department, Quail Research Unit such as fertility rate, percentage hatchability, hatching rate of the fertile eggs, survival rate, growth rate, age of sexual maturity, feed conversion, egg production and egg weight. In this research, 40 pairs of male and female groups which have been chosen by randomly among the quails of the Unit and full-sib families belonging these groups have been established. During this research, the programs of feeding with ration consisting of 16% raw protein and 2700 Kcal ME/kg, 24 h/day lighting during the growing up period of six weeks, 1 8 h/day lighting during the period of laying have been applied. The environmental temperature was fixed in between 30-36°C in the first week of breeding and in between 20-24°C in the other periods. Keeping the 1:1 ratio of male to female, 2599 eggs in various age periods were taken into evaluation to determine the invention regarding the hatching characteristics of Japanese quails. The fertility rate, the hatchability and hatching rate of total fertility eggs through the eggs collected in between 3r(* and 8“1 months after hatching were found as 94.00%, 63.65% and 59.83% respectively. The highest hatching chick rate and hatchability were observed in 6”1 month, the lowest ones were in 3 and 4 months. 1527 quails ageing 0-6 weeks were observed to determine the survival rate and this has been found as 91.94%, 86.90%, 82.65%, 79.24%, 76.88% and 75.90% respectively.54 In determining the live weight of the quails, 1245 quails were observed and the 0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th weeks mean live weights were found as 7.89 g, 22.86 g, 46.58 g, 78.46 g, 109.53 g, 142.73 g and 169.25 g respectively. The mean live weights of male and female were determined as 7.86 g and 7.92 g, 22.72 g and 23.00 g, 46.48 g and 46.67 g, 78.21 g and 78.72 g, 108.10 g and 111.00 g, 138.46 g and 147.14 g, 159.01 g and 179.79 g respectively, for the periods mentioned above. The mean live weights of male and female were similar for the very first three weeks while the mean live weight of female was higher males beginning from the 4 week (PO.05) In this research, the age of sexual maturity was taken as the day of first laying for the females. In the trial, in order to determining age of first day, 348 quails were used and 45.72±0.41 days were found to be the age of first egg. In addition, it has been observed that the mean body weight of females was 202.30±0.55 g at the age they reached the age of sexual maturity. During the research, in order to determine the 12 months egg production and weight of Japanese quails since the age of first egg, 72864 eggs of 258 quails have been inspected and the egg production was found as 6618, 7229, 7083, 6814, 6600, 6486, 6275, 5979, 5617, 5144, 4847 and 4172 respectively, the egg production for per quail was found as 25.65, 28.12, 27.45, 26.41, 25.58, 25.14, 24.32, 23.17, 21.77, 19.94, 18.79 and 16.17 respectively, while the egg performance was found as 84.10%, 91.81%, 90.01%, 86.59%, 85.87%, 83.87%, 82.43%, 79.74%, 75.98%, 71.38%, 61.60% and 53.02% in the same order. The mean weight of the eggs collected in the same period were found to be 10.60 g, 11.33 g, 11.53 g, 11.55 g, 11.63 g, 11.61 g, 11.53 g, 11.49 g, 11.39 g, 11.20 g, 1 1.07 g and 10.91 g respectively and the mean of 12 months total egg weight was determined as 1 1.34 g. Aming to investigate the feed consumption and feed conversion of Japanese quail, 243 chicks were taken into breeding for 6 weeks and it has been found out that weekly cumulative feed consumption per quail was 40.02 g, 112.69 g, 211.91 g, 328.52 g, 489.51 g and 666.06 g respectively and feed conversion was 2.78, 2.86, 2.99, 3.21, 3.41 and 3.97 in the same order, the weekly body weight gain was found out as 14.42 g, 25.00 g, 31.57 g, 31.27 g, 41.19 g and 24.19 g for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th weeks respectively.55 The heritability values for body weights of the population of Japanese quails the present in University of Istanbul, Faculty of Veterinary, Zootechnia Department, Quail Research Unit were estimated as 0.33, 0.13, 0.17, 0.17, 0.27 and 0.21 for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th weeks with the full-sib correlation method. And it has also been estimated that the heritability value for age of sexual maturity, egg production and egg weight were 0.31, 0.19 and 0.95 respectively. An overall evaluation of this research will make clear that it is qualified enough to carry out pre-information regarding choosing the selection programs suitable for quail breeding. However, a broad range of a research is as well required thinking that phenotypic and genetic correlations that are one of the most important parameters for establishing successful selection programs should be used. In addition to all these, the research itself is a pioneer to open up a path for the aftercoming researches that are to find out more effective methods and more suitable breeding for quails.
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