Yaşanabilir çevre oluşumunda mahalle kriteriin incelenmesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75241
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. GÜLDEN ERKUT
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 141
Özet
ÖZET Toplumsal, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmeler sonucu olarak değişen toplum yapısı, değişim dinamizmine uyum sağlayarak, kendini yenileyen ve dinamik tutan özelliktedir. Yeni gereksinmeler, koşullar ve gelişmelerin bir bölümü fiziksel mekanda belirgin olurken, diğer bir bölümü de sosyal ve ekonomik özellikleri ile dolaylı olarak fiziksel mekana yansımaktadır. Bu koşullar insanların bir arada yaşadıkları, planlamanın en küçük birimi olan 'Mahalle' birimi içinde fazlasıyla bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, önemli bir gelişim süreci olan, mahalle sosyo-kültürel, fiziksel ve yönetsel yapı değişkenlerini öncelikle, sanayileşme ile birlikte değişimin başlangıç noktası olan batı toplumlarında incelemek önem kazanmıştır. Benzer bir şekilde gelişim gösteren ülkemizde bu üç faktör, tarihsel süreç içinde ele alınmıştır. Kentleşme ile birlikte gelişen ve değişen mahalle, sosyal ilişkiler ve etkileşimler açısından önem taşımaktadır. Toplumsal memnuniyet ve yaşam kalitesi mahalle biriminde başlamaktadır. Bu nedenle sosyal ağ, toplumsal duyarlılık ve komşuluk kavramları kapsamında, mahalle sınırları içinde sosyal ilişkilerin boyutu, akrabalık, arkadaşlık ve komşuluk ilişkileri yoğunluğu incelenmektedir. IX
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY Traditionally, three groups of factors have contributed primarily to the formation of neighborhoods. This factors are, social, physical and institutional or organizational. Historically, it would seem that the most important aspect in the development of neighborhoods has been the social factors. The existence in neighborhoods of certain homogeneous qualities has been considered by many to be of crucial importance in social group formation. The second important aspect in the development of neighborhoods has been the physical factors. Frequently, it is impossible to determine the physical boundaries of a neighborhood. But we can explain that have been different types of certain physical factors. The first general type consist of natural and man-made barriers and topography. In addition, there are the areas that have developed as a result of particular patterns of city growth. The most important factor in the development of new neighborhoods has been the availability of large areas of land on the fringes of cities that are less expensive in comparision to central cities. When large tracts of land are developed, large numbers of dwelling are built groups and new neighborhoods are automatically created. xThe third important aspect in the development of neighborhood has been the institutional factors. It is related to neighborhood size, boundaries, open spaces, institution sites, local shops and internal street system. These three factors were noted within development of neighborhood in chapter 3, it focus to the developing neighborhoods in Western countries and it includes pre-industrial and late-industrial periods. In chapter 4 the focus is on the development of neighborhood within social, physical and institutional factors in the context of Turkey and it has searched these factors traditionally and historically within the development of neighborhood. Generally the change in the neighborhood cause the relations among residents. Therefore in chapter 5 the focus is on social network, neighboring and sense of community. The social science literature is replete with studies examining the current state of community, and a central element in many definitions of community is the concept of a group of people in social interaction having some ties or bonds in common. Networks are 'interpersonal environments', generally, a network is comprised of ' a specific type of relation linking a defined set of persons, objects or events'. Networks can be characterized as 'dense' if many mutual ties, or as 'loose' if few ties exist. Interaction density will be higher if a neighborhood is smaller, and if residents have fewer activities outside the neighborhood. The formation of strong ties depends on the homogeneity of network members with respect to norms, values, socioeconomic status and demographic characteristics. In neighborhoods the probability of a tie between next -door neighbors is always high, regardless of their similarity in social characteristics. xiThe influence of sense of community and neighborhood has been investigated with respect to various attempts to improve social or psychological conditions of neighborhood residents. Sense of community was found to be related to length of community residency, satisfaction with the community and the number of neighbors one could identify by first name. The research on social characteristics of neighborhoods concentrates on the concept of neighboring. Social interactions include informal talks and visits, borrowing and lending tools, and helping each other in emergencies. Research into the psychological sense of community has concentrated on belongingness, shared emotional connection, mutual influence and fulfilment of needs, on the quality of ties. Research into neighboring has focused on interaction frequency and social support, which mainly reflect tie quantity. Many sociologists recognized the importance of affiliation structures and have often used network images to describe the settings of human existence. Networks of friendship and kinship in modern cities are fragmented and contain few strong links, leaving residents to experience lives short on camaraderie and long on isolation. It has also been examined how personal neighbor networks vary with salient individual statuses: gender, age, family-cycle stage and socioeconomic status, paralleling previous research on statuses and neighboring. XIIThe last chapter includes a survey about neighborhood change. In this analysis the objective is to find the social networks, sense of community and the neighboring in three different type of districts of Istanbul. The sample covers three types of districts. The first type of district is located on central area of Istanbul i.e. Firuzağa(Çukurcuma). Second case is a squatter settlement located adjacent to middle income residential area named Arnavutkoy. Third type is a new planned residential area where upper middle class people are living - Ataköy. The questionaire provided the three types of information needed for the data analysis: personal characteristics that include social class, social attachments, residential histories, life-cycle stages, and the type of house. In addition, demographic characteristics like sex, age, education, family income and children living at home were measured in the questionaire. The others, used for the data analysis are, neighborhood attributes and neighborhood satisfaction. These two informations are related to neighboring and sense of community and they refer for information about interaction, social support, identification, belongingness, shared emotional connection, shared sense of relatedness and pressur to conform. Finally, that we will found out the density of social network, the extent of sense of community and the neighboring relation between residents. XIIIThe result of the study indicates that there is a difference between the districts in terms of socioeconomic statuses. The squatter settlement has a low socioeconomic status, therefore it has more frequent and intense contact with their neighbors and also has more sense of community. The district Firuzağa, which located on central area of Istanbul, has a middle socioeconomic status. Becouse of the location on central area, the contact with neighbors, the density of social network and the extent of sense of community are lower than squatter settlement. The third district Ataköy has a high socioeconomic status. This neighborhoud best supports a social integration. High socioeconomic status well integrated into society in general, have larger networks within their neighborhouds, however, the intense of the neighboring is lower in this district. In brief, persons in high socioeconomic statuses have larger networks within their neighborhoods, the persons in low socioeconomic statuses have more frequent and intense contact with their neighbors. XIV
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