Sosyoekonomik etki değerlendirme çalışmalarında yeni bir yaklaşım
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75475
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. İ. ETHEM GÖNENÇ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 158
Özet
Sosyoekonomik Etki Değerlendirme Çalışması (SED) en genel anlamda bir yatırımın çevrenin fiziksel, sosyal, estetik ve ekonomik boyutları üzerindeki değişimi bölgesel ve ülkesel ölçekte değerlendirir. SED, Çevresel Etki Değerlendirme Çalışmalarının bir parçası olarak, planlanan proje ve politakaların, birey ve toplumların yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam standardı üzerinde yarattığı değişiklikleri sistematik olarak inceleyen bir süreç olarak tanımlanabilir. Ülkelerin kendine özgü sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel gelişimi; bireylerin yaşam beklentileri, kültürel değerleri ve birbirleri ile olan sosyal iletişimleri üzerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle bir SED çalışmasında izlenecek metodolojik yaklaşım belirlenirken ülkenin kendine özgü siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel yapısı dikkate alınmalıdır. Sosyoekonomik Etki Değerlendirme Çalışmalarında izlenecek metodololijik yaklaşımın belirlenmesi çalışmanın amacıdır. Çalışma; literatür çalışması, Türkiye koşullarında SED çalışmalarında uygulanacak metodolojik yaklaşımın belirlenmesi ve bu yaklaşımın bir örnek projeye uygulanması ile bulgular ile tartışma bölümlerinden oluşmaktadır. Bölüm 2'de SED konusundaki literatür değerlendirilmektedir. SED için Türkiye'nin kendine özgü koşullan çerçevesinde benimsenen metodolojik yaklaşım geliştirilirken bu değerlendirmeler esas alınmıştır. Literatür çalışmasında özellikle Bütünleyici (Conceptual) ve Karşılaştırmalı ( Comperative) Yaklaşım Yöntemleri incelenmiş ve birbirleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bunun yanında sosyoekonomik çevre faktörlerinin birbirleri ile ilişkisini ortaya koyabilmek için SED çalışmasında genel bilgi akışı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca SED çalışmasında her bir adımda uygulanabilecek metodların esasları hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bölüm 3 'de geliştirilen yeni metodolojik yaklaşım tanıtılmaktadır. İlk olarak Türkiye'nin kendine özgü koşulları hakkında bilgi verilerek yeni bir metodolojik yaklaşım gereksinimi ortaya konmuştur. Daha sonra, SED kriterleri ve Türkiye'ye özgü koşullara göre geliştirilen metodolojik yaklaşım esaslan verilmiş ve bu metodolojiye göre izlenecek adımlarla ilgili ayrıntılar ve her adımda kullanılacak yöntemler konusundaki öneriler sunulmuştur. Bölüm 4' de SED için geliştirilen metodolojik yaklaşımın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için İstanbul'da kırsal alanda gerçekleştirilen ve İTÜ tarafından ÇED'i yapılan bir yerleşim alanı projesine, önerilen SED metodoloji ve yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Bölüm 5'de ise 4. Bölümde uygulaması yapılan çalışmanın sonuçlan değerlendirilmektedir.
Özet (Çeviri)
A NEW APPROACH FOR SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Socioeconomic impact analysis is a phrase which is used interchangeably with socioeconomic impact considerations. Social impact assessment (SIA) includes health impacts, recreational activities, aesthetic interests, land and housing values, job opportunies, community cohesion, lifestyles, governmental activities, psycohological well-being, and behavioral response on the part of individuals, groups and communities. In a SIA study, advanced appraisal of the impacts of development projects or policy changes on the day to day quality of life of persons and communities is involved. Governmental or private programs, policies, and projects can cause potentially significant changes in many features of socioeconomic environment. The changes can be benefical or detrimental. Accordingly, environmental impact studies must systematically identify, quantify, where possible and appropriate, interpret the significance of the anticipated changes. SIA is a part of Environmental Impact Assessment Studies ( EI A). SIA studies are closely relavant to the policies and regulations. According to the environmental regulations, there are no spesific considerations of socioeconomic status of the proposed area of a proposed project or policy to carry out an EIA study. But, socioeconomic impacts play an equivelant role on the decision making process. The conditions to be considered in a SIA study change with the cultural, historical and economic background and present patterns of the country. Thus, a methodological conceptual approach is carried out in this study that may be available to be adopted to different projects in Turkey. Within this framework, methodologies used in SIA studies were reviewed and compared with each other. Additionally, methods that may be used in each step of the SIA studies are described in general. The social, economic and politic patterns of the country are reviewed and a methodological approach that may be suitable for the private or governmental projects in Turkey is proposed. The basic methods for each step of the SIA are also proposed. As a case study, the SIA of the“Durusu Park Residential Project”is worked out according to the proposed methodology. The methods used are explained. The results of the study are assessed and the methodologicahapproach is discussed. The aim of the and scope and importance of the study is given in the first chapter. XllLitterature on Social Impact Assessment is reviewed sytematically in the second chapter and the findings are used to develop a methodological approach for Turkey. The literature review is summarized under the following subtitles: 1) The definition of SI A studies In this title general definitions for SIA and the relation between SIA studies and EIA are discussed. 2) The scope of SIA studies The principles while conducting a SIA study are discussed. 3) Information Flow in a SIA study 4) The methodologies to conduct a SIA study Basically conceptual approach and comparative approach are discussed. Social Impact Assessment can be defined as a systematic appraisal of impacts of development projects or policy changes on the day-to-day quality of life of people and communities. While conducting a SIA, the principles to be followed can summarized as; involving the diverse public, analyzing impact equity, focusing on the assessment and identifying data sources. For predicting and assessing socioeconomic impacts; an information flow is given. The impacts are categorized into 5 groups as economic/demographic impacts; public service impacts; social impacts; fiscal impacts. Modelling economic/demographic impacts provide basic information for addressing public service impacts( education, health services, police and fire protection, utilities and solid waste mangement), social impacts ( housing, transportation, urban land use, and land ownership) and fiscal impacts. Fiscal impacts are themselves dependent on many public service impacts and social impacts. The quality of life represents a composit indication of public service impacts, social impacts, fiscal impacts. The details of the flow diagram is given in this chapter. A conceptual approach, similar to six step methodologies is used in EIA studies. The steps are; 1) Identification of potential socioeconomic impacts 2) Preparation of description of existing socioeconomic conditions 3) Procurement of relevant standarts, criteria or guidelines 4) Impact prediction for without project and with project conditions 5) Assessment of socioeconomic impact significance 6) Identification of mitigation measures XlllAnother approach according to CEQ regulations are studied. This approach involves 10 steps. These steps are; 1) Public Involvement- Develop an Effective Public Involvement Plan to Involve all Potentially Affected Publics 2) Identification of alternatives 3) Baseline Conditions 4) Scoping 5) Projection of estimated Effects 6) Predicting Response to Impacts 7) Indirect and Cumulative Impacts 8) Changes in Alternatives 9) Mitigation 10) Monitoring The specialists advise comparative methods according to the ten step methodology of CEQ regulations. The comparative methods study the course of events in a community where an environmental change has occurred, and extrapolate from that analysis what is likely to happen in another community where a similar develepment or policy change is planned. The methods for each step of the study are generally summarized in this chapter. Relavant to the conditions of the Turkey, it is not found suitable to adopt one of the methodologies for the Social Impact Studies in Turkey. The conditions can be summarized as:. There is a high growth population rate in Turkey and the high population growth causes an influx to employment centers.. The social structure of the population migrating to big cities have their own social, cultural values and they have difficulties in adopting to new conditions in big cities. Social, economic and cultural dissimilarities and inequilities result in conflicts. Inhabitants are almost unsatisfied with participation in decision making. The data base about the social changes are not enough Considering the social economic conditions, a new methodological approach is developed based on the following i 1) The social impact factors must be defined by matrix method considering the local and regional impact area. 2) The baseline socioeconomic conditions must be defined by questionneries and the baseline conditions must be compared with the regional baseline conditions. XIV3) The socioeconomic baseline must be defined quantatively by QOL indicators. 4) The predictions must be predicted by quantative and descriptive methods to prohibit the subjective predictions 5) The assessment of the impacts must be carried out by quantative methods 6) The change in QOL must be determined by qualitative methods for decision makers. The methods for each step of the Social Impact Assessment Study are proposed in this chapter. The first step is the defining the region of interest and identifying the socioeconomic factors. It is proposed that the region of influence must be determined as;. nearby region. the city. and the regional impact area. In this section, a general table of socioeconomic factors and variables are given. It is proposed that the socioeconomic factors for the project must be determined by a matrice method for the construction and operation phase. The second step is describing the existing socioeconomic conditions. At this step the surveys can be used and the existing conditions can be defined quantatively by QOL index. The quality of life index is defined by a structured descriptive list. A survey sample and the integration of the results of the survey to the Index are described. For the next step, prediction of socioeconomic impacts; the impacts are categorized into 3 groups as Economic Demographic Impacts, Social Infrastructure Impacts, Social Impacts. The fiscal impacts are not categorized specifically but considered in the economic impacts. For the assessment of the impacts rating scaling method is proposed. This method is based on a scala which identifies the value of the change according to the percentile change for each parameter. The impacts are also proposed to be assessed quantatively for Quality of Life paramaters. All these studies were made for Dursu Park project. The project is in 5.000.000 m2. It is in the Terkos River Cahtcment basin. 450 houses are planned here. XVThe methodology developed by this study is adopted to a case study: DURUSU PARK PROJECT. The ROI basin was divided into 3 parts equally. The first ROI basin was 1) Nearby villages as (Balaban, Boyalık and Yassıören) 2) The Terkos Drainage Area 3) The Istanbul metropolitan area The factors were identified by the matrice method. The socioeconomic conditions were identified by quantative QOL indicators. A survey was carried out to the 3 villages and the surveys were made to 90 people. Surveys were assessed by EXCELL graphs. The social status was also compared with the social, economic status of the region(Marmara Region) and the country. It can be concluded that the nearby villages are lower in economic structure. The income level of the residents are one third of the the income level in Turkey. It can be said that the social structure of the residents are related to being relatives. The population growth is lower than the other Drainage areas while the area is not near the economic employment centers. There is nearly no influx of workers to the area. It can also be said that thereis no out flux of workers to the other employment centers. Athough the income level is lower the residents told that they would not prrefer to leave the are in case the had the chance to earn more. The basic employment category is agriculture. The impacts were identified by the matrix method. The QOL indicators were sudied by the descriptive checklist method. It can be said that the basic inequality is identified between men/women in employment structure. The impact prediction is carried out in two steps as construction and the operation stage. The basic economic impact is is dentifed in employment in the area. Although in construction phase there would be limited workers in the area while the labor status is not available for construction. A population of 200 people are expected to live during construction phase in the area. In the second phase nearly all the employment categories are expected from the near by residents. Income and household level is expected to be raised. Also the women population have opportunities for work in the area. No Social impacts were also predicted in the area. Generally it can be concluded that; the methodology assesses both quantative and qualitative impacts. XVI
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