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Edremit Evliyazade Zeytinyağı Fabrikası koruma projesi

Edremit Evliyazade Olive Oil Factory conservation project

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  1. Tez No: 837524
  2. Yazar: ÖZGE BÜŞRA ERGÜL
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. DENİZ MAZLUM
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2022
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 378

Özet

Tezin konusu olan Edremit Evliyazade Zeytinyağı Fabrikası; Balıkesir'in Edremit ilçesinde Hekimzade Mahallesi'nde 69 pafta 66 ada 1 ve 2 parsellerinde bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında tarihî fabrikanın belgelenmesi, tarihiyle ilgili araştırma yapılması, koruma ve restorasyon amaçlı yapılacak müdahalelerin belirlenmesi ve yeni işlev verilerek geleceğe aktarılması amaçlanmıştır. Eski Bayramyeri Caddesi, 292.Sokak, 293.Sokak ve 294.Sokak kesişiminde yer alan avlulu fabrika kompleksi 1904 yılında Rumlar tarafından kurulmuş olup İhsan Eren'in fabrikayı satın aldığı 1919 yılından itibaren aynı aile tarafından işletilmektedir. 1950 senesinde yağhaneye ek yapılarak genişletildiği ve eski bacasının yıkılarak yeniden tuğla baca inşa edildiği anlaşılmıştır. Kurulduğu dönemde buhar enerjisiyle çalışan fabrikada günümüzde Ekim-Ocak ayları arasında kesintisiz (kontinü) sistemle üretim yapılmaktadır. Fabrikanın buhar enerjisiyle çalıştığı döneme ait üretim aletleri günümüze ulaşamamıştır. Yapının belgeleme çalışmasında lazer tarama yöntemiyle günümüzdeki durumu dijitalleştirilmiş, detaylar geleneksel yöntemlerle ölçülerek alınmıştır. Restitüsyon aşamasında yapının geçmişini aydınlatan bilgi ve belgelere ulaşmak amacıyla arşivler, kütüphaneler, müzeler taranmıştır. Bu aşamada Edremit'te bulunan tarihî zeytinyağı fabrikaları incelenerek analoji yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın son aşamasında yapıda uygulanacak müdahaleler belirlenmiş ve yeni işleve karar verilmiştir. Endüstri mirasının yeniden işlevlendirilerek kullanılması ve kente kazandırılması, yörede yaşayan halkın belleğindeki üretim ve bununla ilgili faaliyet ve donanımların da dönüştürülmesine ve bu şekilde geleceğe aktarılmasına hizmet etmelidir. Eski ve yeninin sürdürülebilir nitelikteki birlikteliği geçmişin izlerine saygılı ve günümüz koşullarına uygun olmalıdır. Bu anlayışla yeni işlev verilen Evliyazade Zeytinyağı Fabrikası'nın Ekim-Ocak aylarında modern sistemle üretim yapması, yılın geri kalan döneminde de faal olarak gastronomi ağırlıklı kültürel faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirildiği eğitim fonksiyonu ön planda olan bir müzeye dönüştürülmesi uygun görülmüştür. Bu şekilde fabrika yapısı hem yöre halkının gündelik hayatına eğitim ve kültürel anlamda katkı sağlayacak, hem de gastronomi turizmi anlamında çekici potansiyele sahip olacaktır. Zeytin ve zeytinyağı üretiminde önemli bir merkez olan Edremit'te eğitim ve gastronomi fonksiyonlarını barındıran bir müze fikrinden yola çıkarak hazırlanan Edremit Evliyazade Zeytinyağı Fabrikası Koruma Projesi'yle, gerek somut kültürel miras kapsamına giren tarihî zeytinyağı fabrikasının gerek somut olmayan kültürel miras olarak zeytinciliğin yaşatılması hedeflenmektedir.

Özet (Çeviri)

Edremit Evliyazade Olive Oil Factory, which is the subject of the thesis; is located in the Hekimzade District of Edremit in Balıkesir, on 69 plots, 66 blocks, 1 and 2 parcels. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to document the historical factory, to research its history, to determine the interventions to be made for conservation and restoration and to transfer it to the future by giving a new function. While the land border of Edremit Bay in the Aegean Sea, starts with Babakale in the west and ends with Sarımsaklı in the south, the gulf is surrounded by Kaz Mountain, Madra Mountain and Lesbos Island. Edremit Bay, which has Mediterranean climate and is surrounded by olive groves, is an area where olive oil production is carried out intensively in Turkey. The districts of Ayvalık, Burhaniye, Gömeç, Edremit and Havran, which are located in the bay, are connected to the province of Balıkesir, while Ayvacık, which is located in the north of the bay, is connected to Çanakkale. Ayvalık, one of these districts in the Edremit Bay, and Edremit which gave its name to the bay, are more developed than other districts in economic, social and cultural terms. The earthen pots on which olive and olive oil were drawn, and fossilized olive pits from the past, found during the excavations in the ancient city of Adramytteion, after which Edremit was named, prove that the history of olive production in the Edremit region was also made during ancient city period. Olive and olive growing has affected the social and cultural life of the local people, as it is an economic activity that has been carried out for centuries in the Edremit region. The olive oil factories and oil mills located in Edremit Bay have regional differences in terms of architecture but have similarities in terms of spatial organization arising from the production process. From past to present; human power, animal power, water energy, steam energy and electrical energy have been used in the olive oil mills and factories. Production tools and places differ according to the type of energy used. The production of oil from olive takes place after a number of mechanical processes. Although the olive oil production stages of today and the olive oil production stages of 3000 years ago are basically the same, the tools used in oil production have changed with the development of technology. Lever press (9th century BC), trapetum (3rd-2nd century BC) and screw press (3rd-2nd century BC) were used. With the realization of the industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, the use of steam energy in olive oil production began to use tools such as boilers, hydraulic presses, and steam engines. In the production of olive oil with modern systems, wet presses, dry presses and continuous system techniques are used. It has been determined that the olive oil factories established in Edremit consist of one or more building units, with or without a courtyard, according to the functions they contain. Although the oil mills, which are the main production areas of olive oil, are generally single storey, two and three storey examples were found in the field study. Apart from olive oil production, there are also examples of soap shops in the factory complex. While the factories in the center do not have dormitories for workers, the factory complex located on the Güre pier has a dormitory. The size, height and arrangement of the spaces have been designed so that the production spaces are functionally designed and in accordance with the working principles of the equipment they contain. Since the factories examined in Edremit were established after the industrial revolution, it was seen that the factories used steam energy during the establishment period, and then switched to electrical energy. As boilers, steam engines, presses and hydraulics are used in the oil factories where production is made with steam energy; the uninterrupted, large and high-volume space required by these equipment was needed. Industrial heritage is a concept that covers industrial archaeological sites, production tools, machines, machine parts, industrial products, their remains and related places where industrial production took place in the past. Having the main walls of only brick or stone-brick alternating; circular, olive and olive leaf motif windows are used on their pediments; windows and doors are surrounded by jambs, and having their facades emphasized horizontally by saw-toothed or flat moldings, olive oil factories where Neo-classical architecture was applied, formed the industrial heritage building stock in Edremit. The representatives of TICCIH (The International Committee for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage), which came together in Russia in 2003, stated that the industrial heritage, together with all its tangible and intangible features, is of universal importance, therefore its meaning and importance should be made visible by examining it. They declared that it should be preserved and transferred to the future. For the documentation of Evliyazade Olive Oil Factory, its current state was digitized by laser scanning method and details have been taken by traditional measurement methods. During restitution studies; archives, libraries and museums were scanned to find the information and documents that illuminate the history of the factory. At this stage, an analogy is made by examining the historical olive oil factories in Edremit. At the final stage, the implementations to be practiced have been decided and new function is given to the factory. The factory complex with a courtyard, located at the intersection of Eski Bayramyeri Street, 292. Street, 293. Street and 294. Street, was established by the Greeks in 1904 and has been operated by the same family since 1919, when İhsan Eren bought the factory. It was understood that it was expanded by making an extension to the oil production space in 1950 and the old chimney was demolished and a brick chimney was built again. At the factory, which worked with steam energy at the time of its establishment, today, production is carried out with continuous system between October and January. Production tools belonging to the period when the factory was working with steam energy have not survived. The buildings on the land are named based on their current usage functions. These buildings are; starting from the southeast corner of the land, the office, two-storey oil mill, single-storey oil mill and an outbuilding. The factory with a courtyard, located on an area of 1337 m², is surrounded by the office, two-storey oil mill, a single-storey oil mill in the southeast, an outbuilding in the northwest, courtyard walls in the southwest and northeast. The direct entrances to the courtyard are provided by the doors on the courtyard wall. Two storey office building belongs to the Greeks period; it has a rectangular plan form. Brick masonry can be seen on the walls of the office building, which was built with the masonry construction technique. Its two façades looking to the Eski Bayramyeri Street and courtyard has four openings. Only ground floor windows looking to the street and indoor doors are thought to be original. In the entrance hall there is a two quarter winder staircase built by interlocking the mosaic steps, that connects to the first floor and was added to the building later. Two-storey olive oil mill is located between office and single-storey oil mill. Its southeast façade is differentiated by closing the original door connecting the street and thus entrance is made from the courtyard. In the courtyard, there exist a concrete staircase connecting to the upper floor of the building; each floor has a single space. On the ground floor, wooden structure of the oil mill dating to 70's exists. As the reason why there is a small window at higher level than others on the southeast elevation could not be discovered; the building's original function is problematic. Upper floor of the building exhibits the wooden hanging roof truss. Common walls with the joint buildings display window traces, thus the building is deemed to be built after office and single storey oil mill. Single storey oil mill has three spaces and it is entered through the courtyard. Analyzing the building, it is assumed to be built in two phases; during the first phases dating between 1904- 1950, it was smaller and the chimney was on a different place. In 1950, current brick chimney was built and the building was extended, windows on the southeast façade added. Northwest façade of the building was exposed many alteration which made difficult to understand original state of the building. In the production of olive oil with steam energy; steam is produced by the combustion of the boiler, the produced steam drives the engines and the pistons are activated, the belttied roller mechanism operates, turning the millstones and crushing the olives. The crushed olives are filled in a bristle sack and stacked on top of each other in the press machine; hydraulic press with steam power moves from bottom to top and squeezes bristle sacks. Outbuilding is a single-storey building with a triangular plan consisting of toilet, dining room, storage room, weighing room and polima room respectively. It is supposed to be extended according to the boundaries of the lot. Alternating stone and brick masonry can be seen on the outbuilding's walls, which were built with the masonry construction technique. The rooms of the building are positioned side by side and the entrance to each room is directly provided from the courtyard. The northwest and northeast facades facing the street are blind. In the weighing room, there is an ornate cast iron original scale stamped with“W&T Avery Ltd Birmingham”recessed into the floor. The reuse of the industrial heritage and bringing it to the city should serve to transform the production and related activities and equipment in the memory of the people living in the region and to transfer them to the future in this way. The sustainable coexistence of the old and the new should respect the traces of the past and be suitable for today's conditions. It has been deemed appropriate that Evliyazade Olive Oil Factory, which was given a new function with this understanding, to produce with a modern system between October-January, and to transform it into a museum with an educational function in the foreground, where gastronomy-oriented cultural activities are actively carried out during the rest of the year. In this way, the factory structure will both contribute to the daily life of the local people in terms of education and culture, will have an attractive potential in terms of gastronomic tourism. Workshops in gastronomy, painting, sculpture, music and dance for children and adults; exhibitions, film screenings, talks and concerts will be organized. In the summer period, the courtyard will also be used. Olive oil production will continue to be carried out using continuous system by relocating the place. The museum will also sell olive oil and books on a small scale. Edremit End of Olive Harvest Festival, which was held for the third time in 2018, was not continued afterwards. It is recommended to continue the celebration of this festival and to include historical olive oil factories in the festival program and to organize activities in the interiors or courtyards of the factories. It is even recommended to add historical olive oil factories to the festive walking route and to introduce their histories. With the Edremit Evliyazade Olive Oil Factory Conservation Project, which was prepared based on the idea of a museum with educational and gastronomic functions in Edremit which is an important center for olive and olive oil production, it is aimed to keep alive the historical olive oil factory and olive cultivation, belonging respectively to tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

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