The role of puberty in the human and primate brain, and its importance in the evolution of volitional vocal control
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- Tez No: 839120
- Danışmanlar: Belirtilmemiş.
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Bilim ve Teknoloji, Felsefe, Science and Technology, Philosophy
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2017
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Universidad de Barcelona
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 52
Özet
The volitional control of vocalizations plays a significant role in sound modulation, which is considered to be an unique human skill that is used in uttering words and sentences. Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of two different systems neural system in the brain, namely emotional and volitional pathways, which are underlined to be crucial for human speech. Therefore, the question of when does the volitional system takes over the emotional pathway on the evolutionary timeline, or how it happens remain unknown. A longitudinal study conducted by Hage et al. (2016) reported that the juvenile non-human primates are able to use volitional vocal control, albeit this ability diminishes by the time the subject rhesus macaques reach sexual maturity. Thus, the results lead to possible non-activity dependent cerebral reorganization that occurs in the brain due to sexual maturation, additionally allowing to question about the possible role of puberty-related hormones on neural circuits. Moreover, I hypothesized that since the puberty is considered a milestone for the brain and behavior in terms of a massive cerebral organization, it might also be altering the excitatory and inhibitory balance, by modifying synaptogenesis and synaptic elimination processes, disturbing interneuron networks and neurotransmitter associations in the prefrontal cortex, a region frequently examined for hosting important cognitive skills such as volitional control, memory and learning. The data show that there are multiple interactions between puberty-related hormones, as well as neural structures that control puberty and excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. Therefore, through comparative method, I concluded my hypothesis with the role of neoteny in the human evolution, suggesting that an expansion in the human development timeline and brain might be holding the key for answering questions regarding the evolution of the language-ready brain. 2 ____________________________________________
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