Erzurum ili arazi kullanım planlamasında coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin rolü: LUCIS modeli
The role of geographical information systems in land use planning of Erzurum provience: LUCIS model
- Tez No: 924402
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. MUSTAFA YANALAK
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Bilim ve Teknoloji, Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Science and Technology, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2025
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Bilişim Uygulamaları Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Coğrafi Bilgi Teknolojileri Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 183
Özet
Tüm dünyada değişmez bir gerçek vardır ki toplumların sürekliliğini koruması ve kalkınmasının temel etkenlerinden en önemlileri arasında bütüncül planlama anlayışı bulunmaktadır. Nüfus artışı kentsel ve kırsal alanların kullanım amaçları ve oranları, ekonomik, bilimsel ve siyasi etkenler arazi kullanımının doğru, etkin ve verimli bir şekilde planlamasını zorunlu kılar.Arazi kullanım planlaması çalışmalarında doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkin rol oynayan çok sayıda alt veri bulunmaktadır. Planlamada CBS uygulamalarının kullanımı ise, 1970li yıllarda başlamış olup, arazi uygunlukları kapsamında kullanılmıştır. Zamanla teknolojinin ve bilişimin gelişmesi ile CBS teknikleri gelişmiş ve planlama sürecinde daha etkin kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Modern çağda en önemli planlama sorunlarından birisi verinin toplanması ve bu verilerin farklı ölçeklerde kullanılmasıdır. Özellikle bir çok kurumun planlama yetkisine sahip olması, bu kapsamda verilerin üretiminin gerçekleşmesi bütüncül planlama anlayışı açısından önemli sorunlar yaratmaktadır. CBS verilerinin toplanması ve kurumlardaki veri farklılığının bütünlüğünün sağlanmasında oldukça kolaylık sağlamakatadır. CBS veri toplama sürecinde sağladığı kolaylığın yanı sıra, planlama sürecinin en önemli parçası olan karar verme sürecinde de önemli bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Planlama sürecinde hem zamansal hem de maliyet açısıdan büyük kazanç sağlamaktadır. Ve planlamanın son aşaması olan yapılan çalışmanın şeffaf bir şekilde yürütülmesi ve bu bağlamda ilgilerle ile paylaşımı, yapılan hataların düzeltilmesi gibi birçok aşamada da önemli katkılar sunmaktadır İşte bu etken verilerin planlamaya doğru yön verebilmesi için yapılacak uygunluk analizleri çalışmaların mihenk taşıdır. İş bu tezde arazi kullanım planlamasının ArcMap programı kullanılarak elde edilen uygunluk analizleri ile LUCIS modeli yöntemi uygulanmıştır. LUCIS modeli, birçok etken verinin birlikte değerlendirilebildiği, doğru analiz ve yorum yapımasına olanak sağlayan, analizlerin hem mütamadi hem münferit olarak değerlendirilebilmesi açısından etkin bir modeldir. Yurtiçi ve yurdışında birço akademik ve kurumsal çalışmada Arcmap programı tabanında uygulanan LUCIS modeli doğru ve kalite standartlarında sürdürülebilir sonuçlar vermiştir. Erzururum ilinde doğru arazi kullanım planlaması yapılabilmesi için değerlendirme kapsamdaki verilerin müşterek etkisi LUCIS modeli daha şeffaf anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın yapıldığı Erzurum ilinde kentsel alanların zamanla büyümesinin son yıllarda özellikle ivme kazanması kırsal alanlarda ciddi baskı oluşturmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra diğer etkenlere de bağlı olarak arazilerin koruma kullanma dengesinin muhafaza edilmesi güçleşmiştir. Tüm bu veriler ışığında LUCIS modeli ile Erzurum ilinde doğru arazi kullanım planlamasında, sonraki yıllarda da yapılacak yapılacak çalışmalarda ana kaynak rolü üstleneceğini düşünülen bu çalışma ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma güzergahı oluşturulurken, tarım, koruma ve yerleşim kategorileri oluşturulmuş, ekonomik ve fiziksel özellikler bağlamında amaçlar belirlenmiştir. Envanter çalışması ile birlikte alana ait veriler toplanmış, analizlere yönelik altlıklar oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan bu veriler ile her bir etken kalemin ayrı ayrı modeli oluşturulmuştur. Sonrasında ise oluşturulan bu modeller çalıştırılmış ve uygunluk analizleri üretilmiştir. Böylece arazi kullanım çatışmalarının temel ve alt unsurları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar ile arazi kullanımındaki çatışma, çalışma alanının %20sini kapsamaktadır. Çatışmaların tespiti ve baskın tercihler belirlendikten sonra arazi kullanım planlaması kapsamında değerlendirilmiş ve sonuç kısmında öneriler getirilmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
Land is basically the place where people carry out all their activities and live. In this context, the concept of land is very important in terms of human history. While land is a part of a vital cycle, it has gained a different dimension in the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. In the changing world, especially with the agricultural revolution, the concept of land has gained different meanings in every era and is the most fundamental part of our lives. In this context, the concept of land is important in addition to its physical characteristics. Indeed, the Industrial Revolution constitutes the source of many problems we experience today. The concept of urbanization emerged with the Industrial Revolution. With the development of industry, migration from rural to urban areas increased and the population density in cities exceeded the capacity. Therefore, the search for new places for both industrial areas and the population that will work in these areas began. Thus, industrial areas located on the periphery of the city and mostly choosing areas with high agricultural potential, which we call rural areas, have also caused changes in land use. Another reason affecting land use is the transportation networks that have developed to establish a connection between existing residential areas and the industrial and living population settled on the periphery. The changes in land use since the industrial revolution have brought about very important problems in the recent era. One of the main reasons for these problems is the migration from rural to urban areas. With the increase in the population of cities, there is a diversity in demands and these demands are directly related to the land. In this context, land use planning is important. Planning is making the most accurate decisions for the future with the available data. Providing data during the planning process and conducting analysis and synthesis studies in the light of this data will make it easier to reach the goal. Indeed, the planning process is quite difficult without these studies. At the same time, implementation and observation after the planning process are as essential as the studies conducted before planning. There is an unchanging fact all over the world that holistic planning approach is among the most important basic factors of preserving the continuity and development of societies. Population growth, usage purposes and rates of urban and rural areas, economic, scientific and political factors necessitate correct, effective and efficient planning of land use. There are many sub- data that play an active role directly and indirectly in land use planning studies. The use of GIS applications in planning started in the 1970s and was used within the scope of land suitability. Over time, with the development of technology and informatics, GIS techniques have developed and started to be used more effectively in the planning process. One of the most important planning problems in the modern age is the collection of data and the use of these data at different scales. Especially the fact that many institutions have planning authority and the production of data within this scope creates important problems in terms of holistic planning approach. GIS provides great convenience in the collection of data and ensuring the integrity of data differences in institutions. In addition to the convenience it provides in the data collection process, GIS is also used as an important tool in the decision-making process, which is the most important part of the planning process. It provides great gains in the planning process in terms of both time and cost. And the final stage of planning is the transparent execution of the work done and in this context, sharing it with the relevant parties, and correcting the mistakes made. The suitability analyses to be made so that these factor data can give the right direction to the planning are the cornerstone of the studies. According to FAO's definition of land use planning, it is the use of land, which is a limited resource, by choosing the best options. For this purpose, land use planning is carried out in 10 steps. The most important of the steps is to determine the most suitable land use after the problems are determined. Many methods are used in suitability analyses. While performing analyses, a lot of data is needed and it is very important to collect, process, store this data and associate it with the space in line with the analyses to be performed. Since the planning process will take a long time, performing the analyses correctly and quickly will lead the process to success. Therefore, the most effective method used in suitability analyses is Geographic Information Systems. Many models are being developed within the scope of the system. The LUCIS Model is one of these important studies. The model consists of 5 steps and is a GIS-based model. The most important feature of the model is that suitability analyses are performed for each determined land use (agriculture, settlement, protection) and the conflict areas of these uses are determined. The subject of the thesis was determined as the study area of Erzurum Province and the role of geographic information systems in land use planning in Erzurum Province was examined. Before land use planning, determining conflicts over land use is the most important part of the thesis. Therefore, the LUCIS Model was used in this study. Erzurum is among the largest provinces of the country. The largest share in land use in the province belongs to pastures with a rate of 47%. Pastures are followed by agricultural lands with 22% and the most important agricultural resources are Erzurum Plain, Pasinler Plain, Horasan Plain and Hınıs Plain. Urban areas constitute 1% of land use. As can be understood from here, the majority of the province has a rural profile. However, with the growth of the city, new development areas are needed and this development mostly develops towards agricultural lands. Another problem is the registration procedures of pasture areas. The fact that studies on pastures are not up-to-date and the provincial land assets are very large have prevented detailed and accurate studies. Indeed, the fact that many rural areas that do not have pastures have pasture characteristics or that development areas are not left for rural settlements has caused encroachment on pasture areas. The most fundamental problem here is the lack of correct resource management. The settlement pressure on agricultural lands throughout the province needs to be controlled within the scope of planning. This work can only be done with land use plans and public awareness on this issue. In this thesis, the LUCIS model method was applied with the suitability analyses obtained using the ArcMap program of land use planning. The LUCIS model is an effective model in terms of evaluating many factor data together, allowing for correct analysis and interpretation, and allowing the analyses to be evaluated both continuously and individually. The LUCIS model, which is applied on the basis of the Arcmap program in many academic and institutional studies at home and abroad, has yielded correct and sustainable results xxii at quality standards. The joint effect of the data within the scope of the evaluation in order to make correct land use planning in Erzurum province has been understood more transparently in the LUCIS model. In the province of Erzurum where the study was conducted, the acceleration of the growth of urban areas over time, especially in recent years, has created serious pressure on rural areas. In addition, depending on other factors, it has become difficult to maintain the balance of protection and use of lands. In the light of all these data, this study, which is thought to be the main source for the correct land use planning in Erzurum province with the LUCIS model and for the studies to be carried out in the following years, has emerged. While creating the study route, agriculture, protection and settlement categories were created, and objectives were determined in terms of economic and physical characteristics. Data belonging to the area were collected with the inventory study, and bases for analyses were created. With this data, a separate Ayro model of each active item was created. Then, these models were run and suitability analyses were produced. Thus, the basic and sub-elements of land use conflicts were revealed. With the results obtained, the conflict in land use covers 20% of the study area. After the determination of the conflicts and the dominant preferences were determined, they were evaluated within the scope of land use planning and suggestions were made in the conclusion section. The main purpose of the study is to create effective and sustainable land use plans using GIS in land use planning. The LUCIS model objectives are not the main purpose of the study, but tools that serve the main purpose. In this context, suggestions should be made for land use planning within the scope of the conflict criteria determined by the model in line with this purpose. For the land use planning of Erzurum province; conflict areas should be taken into consideration. In case of conflict between the protection category and both categories, decisions should be developed by taking the protection area into consideration. Similarly, in conflicts between agriculture and settlement categories, agricultural areas should be preferred. However, wrong decisions are made due to the production of the wrong data mentioned above. In this context, the inventory study should be done correctly within the scope of planning. While evaluating alternatives in the decision-making process in planning, determining 'land use conflicts' and reaching a common decision for the solution of the problems constitute the basis of the holistic planning approach.
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