Kahve üretim tesisinde fine-kinney metodolojisiyle iş sağlığı ve güvenliği risk değerlendirmesi
Occupational health and safety risk assessment by fine-kinney methodology in the coffee production facility
- Tez No: 953006
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. FATMA GÜLEN İSKENDER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2022
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Çevre Bilimleri, Mühendisliği ve Yönetimi Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 147
Özet
İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, işyerinde meydana gelebilecek iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının önlenerek işçilerin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlıklarının korunması amacıyla oluşmuş bir kavramdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bir işyerinde bilimsel ve sistemli olarak gerçekleştirilen faaliyetlerin bütünü iş sağlığı ve güvenliği olarak adlandırılmaktadır.20. yüzyılda artan sanayileşme ile birlikte iş kazalarının ciddiyeti gözler önüne serilmiş bunun sonucunda ise çalışma koşulları hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde uluslararası sözleşmeler ve yerel mevzuatlar ile yasal bir zemine oturtulmuştur. Tüm eksik raporlama ve bildirimlere rağmen iş kazası ve meslek hastalığından hayatını kaybeden işçilere dair mevcut istatistikler bile iş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarının önemini açıkça göstermektedir. Çalışanlar işin yapımı esnasında, işyerinin faaliyet gösterdiği sektöre ve yapılan işin niteliğine bağlı olarak değişen çok çeşitli tehlikelere maruz kalmaktadır. Bir işyerinde yürütülen iş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışmalarının temelini işyerinde mevcut olan tehlikelerin çalışanlar üzerinde meydana getirebileceği risklerin belirlendiği risk değerlendirmesi oluşturmaktadır. Risk değerlendirmesi sonucuna göre gerekli kontrol önlemlerinin sağlanmasıyla işyerlerinde riskler meydana gelmeden önlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu proaktif yaklaşım işverene iş kazaları veya meslek hastalıkları meydana gelmeden engellemede büyük avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir kahve üretim tesisinde 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu ve bu kanuna göre çıkartılmış olan tüm yönetmelikler göz önünde bulundurularak sürdürülen iş sağlığı ve güvenliği faaliyetleri konu alınmıştır. Kahve üretim tesisindeki mevcut iş sağlığı ve güvenliği faaliyetleri değerlendirilmiş ardından Fine-Kinney metodolojisi kullanılarak tesiste yeni bir iş sağlığı ve güvenliği risk değerlendirmesi çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Risk değerlendirmesi esnasında saptanan tehlikeler belirlenen temel tehlike gruplarına ayrıştırılmış ve her bir tehlike kategorisindeki tehlikelerin meydana getirdiği risklerin risk derecelerine göre dağılımı incelenmiştir. Tesiste daha önceden L tipi 5X5 matris metoduyla yapılmış olan risk değerlendirmesi ile bu çalışmada gerçekleştirilen risk değerlendirmesi kıyaslanarak çalışmanın kazanımları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde henüz yasal sınırlandırma getirilmemiş olan kahve üretim tesislerinde kavurma, öğütme ve paketleme alanlarında izlenen diasetil, 2,3-pentandion uçucu organik bileşikleri, CO ve CO2 gazları ve kahve tozunun meydana getirdiği işe özel risklere dikkat çekmek ayrıca firmadaki mevcut risk değerlendirmesinde gözlenen eksiklikleri gidererek farkındalık kazandırmaktır.
Özet (Çeviri)
Occupational health and safety is a concept that was created to protect the physical and mental health of workers by preventing work-related accidents and diseases that may occur in the workplace. For this purpose, the whole of the scientific and systematic activities carried o"ut in a workplace is named occupational health and safety. The increasing industrialization in the 20th century revealed the seriousness of occupational accidents and as a result, a legal basis was needed for the regulation and improvement of working conditions. This period, which was initiated by the International Labor Organization and the World Health Organization with legal regulations and scientific studies with the aim of improving adverse working and health conditions, provided the basis for the creation of a modern and versatile occupational safety legislation. In our country, in addition to the ratified ILO conventions, the Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331 and the regulations related to this law have been promulgated. Except for the legal obligations, employers can also increase their ability to build safe and healthy conditions for workers and prevent work-related accidents or health problems by organizing occupational health and safety activities under the management system which is published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Standard certification. Millions of people around the world die every year as a result of work-related accidents or diseases. The massive under-reporting of occupational accidents and diseases, including fatal work-related accidents, generates a deficient table of the magnitude of the problem. Despite all the under-reporting and notifications, even the current statistics of workers who lost their lives due to work-related accidents and occupational diseases clearly indicates the importance of occupational health and safety studies. Employees are exposed to a wide variety of hazards during the work, depending on the sector in which the workplace operates and the nature of the work. The basis of the occupational health and safety studies carried out in a workplace is the risk assessment, which determines the risks that the existing hazards in the workplace may pose to the employees. By providing the necessary control measures according to the results of the risk assessment, risks are tried to be prevented before they occur in the workplace. This proactive approach provides the employer with a great advantage in preventing work-related accidents or diseases before they occur. For this reason, risk assessment plays a key role in occupational health and safety studies applied in the workplace. While performing the risk assessment, one of the methods available in the literature can be preferred in accordance with the job field of activity, the statistics, and the team that will implement the risk assessment. Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and coffee consumption is still growing steadily over the past 10 years even though the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic. Coffee cannot be grown in our country due to the climatic conditions, therefore raw coffee beans which are imported from specific countries are processed in coffee production facilities and presented to the consumers. In this study, a comprehensive research has made at the company which produce coffee in terms of occupational health and safety according to the Occupational Health and Safety law no.6331 and all regulations accordingly with this law. In the coffee production facility, the current occupational health and safety activities were evaluated, and then a new occupational health and safety risk assessment study was carried out using the Fine-Kinney methodology. While performing occupational health and safety risk assessment, firstly the present hazards in the coffee production facility were determined then the risks that these hazards could pose on the employees and the workplace were figured out. Probability, frequency and severity values were assigned to the identified risks by applying the Fine-Kinney method. The risk value was calculated for each risk factor, according to the calculation results the risks are classified as risk, possible risk, substantial risk, high risk and very high risk. In this study,72 hazards were determined in the risk assessment carried out in the coffee production facility. The identified hazards were divided into 12 main hazard groups and the distribution of risks in each hazard group according to risk categories was examined. While the hazards related to work practices take the first place in terms of the number of identified hazards, it is followed by electrical hazards then physical hazards. According to the risk classes, the most risky groups are discovered as electrical hazards, emergency hazards and equipment hazards, work practices hazards, physical hazards, chemical hazards and fire hazards. Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione volatile organic compounds, which occur naturally during coffee roasting and grinding processes, are observed in production area and also in packaging and storage areas, can cause a fatal work-related disease known as obliterative bronchiolitis or popcorn lung in workers. In addition, inhalation of coffee powder formed during the processing of coffee by workers causes significant respiratory complaints, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These phenomenons are at the top of the job-specific risks observed in coffee production facilities. Also, it is known that CO and CO2 gases which are harmful to workers' healthcare are monitored in air quality during coffee production. In Turkey, there is not any regulation that set the occupational exposure limits in the coffee production sector for these compounds, consequently, the coffee production facility where the study was carried out has no awareness of this issue and there is no specific precautions were taken. In this research, job-specific risks observed during the coffee production have been emphasized. Additionally, the risks belong to significant activities such as forklifts, pallet trucks, freight elevator and cold air warehouses in terms of occupational health and safety , which are not included in the current risk assessment of the facility, have also been identified. At the end of the study, the risk assessment conducted by Fine-Kinney methodology was presented to the coffee production facility. Hereby, this to increase awareness of the facility among both employees and the employer is aimed. The achievements of the study were evaluated by comparing the current risk assessment of the facility practiced by L-type 5X5 matrix method and the new risk assessment carried out by Fine-Kinney method. The sensitivity of the Fine-Kinney method compared to the L-type 5X5 matrix method was measured by comparing the risk classes of risks that were similar in both risk assessments.
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