2004-2022 yılları arasında Kırklareli kentsel sit alanı ve çevresinin değişimi ve korunmasına yönelik öneriler
Transformation of the Kırklareli urban conservation area and its surroundings between 2004 and 2022 and conservation proposals
- Tez No: 1017001
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. ZEYNEP ERES ÖZDOĞAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2026
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Kırklareli Kentsel Sit Alanı ve çevresindeki yerleşim dokusu, Kırklareli ilinin geleneksel tarihî yerleşimini oluşturmaktadır. Bu yerleşimin merkezinde, tarihsel süreçte panayır alanı olarak kullanılan ve günümüzde park olarak düzenlenen Yayla Meydanı bulunmaktadır. Yayla Meydanı, geçmişten günümüze toplanma ve etkinlik alanı olarak kullanılmaktadır ve kent belleğinde önemli bir yer edinmiştir. 1996 yılında Edirne Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma Bölge Kurulu tarafından alınan kararla, Yayla Meydanı ve çevresi Kentsel Sit Alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. 2001 yılında alınan kararla 1/1000 ve 1/500 ölçekli Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı ve Uygulama Hükümleri onaylanmıştır. Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı ve Uygulama Hükümleri'nde yapıların bir kısmı korunması gereken sivil mimarlık örneği olarak tescillenmiştir. Ayrıca sit alanı kararlarında; tescilli yapılar, geleneksel yapılar, yeni yapılar ve çevreleri için alınan kararlar mevcuttur. Çalışma alanının seçiminde, kentin sahip olduğu farklı mimari üsluplar ile bu yapıların süreç içindeki değişimleri etkili olmuştur. Aynı zamanda Kırklareli Kentsel Sit Alanı ile ilgili koruma alanında yapılan akademik çalışmaların çoğunlukla yapı ölçeğinde yapılması da bir eksiklik olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, sit alanı ve çevresinde mevcut durumun belgelenmesi, geçmiş çalışmalarla karşılaştırılması ve alandaki koruma sorunlarının ortaya konulması üzerine kurgulanmıştır. 2003-2004 akademik yılı bahar döneminde İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Restorasyon Yüksek Lisans Programı Koruma Projesi-II dersi kapsamında kentsel sit alanı ve çevresinde çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında sokak dokuları ve parsel bazında ayrıntılı analitik çalışmalar yapılmış ve sit koruma projesi hazırlanmıştır. Bu koruma projesi, alandaki değişimi ve günümüze ulaşamayan kayıp yapıları tespit edebilmek için önemli bir veri oluşturmaktadır. Tez çalışması kapsamında 2022 yılı kasım ayında gerçekleştirilen saha çalışmaları ile birlikte çalışma alanının mimari yerleşim dokusu ve yapıların fiziksel özellikleri incelenerek analiz edilmiştir. Alanın, tescilli, geleneksel ve yeni yapıları kapsayacak şekilde 1/1000 ölçekte yerleşim dokusu analizleri ve sentezleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan sentez çalışmaları, korunmuşluk durumu, kullanım durumu ve mülkiyet yapısının koruma üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymuştur. 2004 ve 2022 yılında yapılan çalışmalar üzerinden gerçekleştirilen karşılaştırmalı değerlendirme ile yapı ve kentsel ölçekte meydana gelen değişimler analiz edilmiştir. Yapı durumu, kat sayısı, kullanım durumu ve diğer başlıklar altında değişim süreçleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca seçilen örnek yapılar üzerinden tek yapı ölçeğindeki değişimler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Tez çalışmasında yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda kentsel sit alanı ve çevresinin koruma sorunları belirlenmiştir. Kentsel sit alanı imar planı ve uygulama hükümleri ile Türkiye'deki koruma kanunları birlikte değerlendirilerek yasal sorunlar ifade edilmiştir. Belgelenen analiz ve sentez çalışmaları ile değişimler dikkate alınarak sit ölçeğinde ve tek yapı ölçeğinde yirmi yıl içinde ortaya çıkan koruma sorunları tespit edilmiştir. Bu sorunlar doğrultusunda plan ölçeğinde, sit ölçeğinde ve tek yapı ölçeğinde koruma önerileri geliştirilmiştir. Bu öneriler, kentsel sit alanı ve çevresindeki yapıların kültürel miras değerlerini korumaya yöneliktir.
Özet (Çeviri)
The settlement pattern of the Kırklareli Urban Conservation Area and its surroundings constitutes the traditional historic settlement of the city of Kırklareli. At the center of this settlement is Yayla Square, which was historically used as a fairground and is now arranged as a park. Yayla Square has been used as a gathering and event space from past to present, holding an important place in the collective urban memory. In this context, it is understood that the area constitutes an integrated entity that should be preserved not only for its physical attributes but also for its social and cultural values. With a decision taken by the Edirne Regional Council for the Conservation of Cultural Assets in 1996, Yayla Square and its surroundings were designated as an Urban Conservation Area. This decision initiated the legal process aimed at the conservation of the area. With the decision taken in 2001, the 1/1000 and 1/500 scale Conservation-Oriented Development Plan and its Implementation Provisions were approved. Within the Conservation-Oriented Development Plans and implementation provisions, some of the buildings were registered as civil architectural heritage requiring protection. In addition, the conservation area decisions include regulations concerning registered buildings, traditional buildings, new buildings, and their immediate surroundings. These decisions aim to preserve the physical integrity of the area; however, their effectiveness in practice remains open to discussion. The selection of the study area was influenced by the diversity of architectural styles present in the city and the transformations these buildings have undergone over time. In addition, the fact that recent academic studies on the conservation of the Kırklareli Urban Conservation Area have predominantly focused on the building scale was considered. Accordingly, this study is structured around the documentation of the existing conditions within the conservation area and its surroundings, their comparison with previous studies, and the identification of conservation-related problems in the area. In the spring semester of the 2003-2004 academic year, studies were conducted in the urban conservation area and its surroundings within the scope of the Conservation Project II course of the Restoration Master's Program at Istanbul Technical University. Within this framework, detailed analytical studies were carried out based on street patterns and parcels, and an urban conservation project was prepared. The conservation project developed for the study area, which has undergone changes over time, constitutes an important dataset for identifying transformations in the area as well as buildings that have been lost and have not survived to the present day. Within the scope of the thesis, field surveys were conducted and the architectural settlement pattern of the study area, along with the physical characteristics of the buildings, was examined and analyzed in November 2022. Within this scope, the architectural settlement pattern, physical characteristics, and usage conditions of the buildings were evaluated through on-site observations; 1/1000 scale urban fabric analyses and syntheses were prepared, encompassing registered, traditional, and newly constructed buildings. Based on these analyses, the effects of parameters such as the state of preservation, structural condition, usage status, and ownership structure on conservation were identified. Through a comparative evaluation based on the studies conducted in 2004 and 2022, the changes that occurred at both the building and urban scales were analyzed. The comparison of data from 2004 and 2022 revealed that significant changes occurred in the study area over the approximately twenty-year period. Transformation processes were examined under headings such as building condition, number of storeys, usage status, and other related parameters. In addition, changes at the single-building scale were examined in detail through selected case study buildings. During this period, a considerable number of buildings were demolished, and some were reduced to ruins. An increase in new construction was particularly observed outside the conservation area. The newly constructed buildings on parcels where previous structures had been lost were built with larger volumes and heights. Additionally, the expansion of the building's plan area to include courtyard and garden spaces has been identified as a significant transformation that disrupts the traditional parcel-building relationship. Comparative analyses have demonstrated that the usage status of buildings directly affects their preservation and structural integrity. The majority of buildings in use were found to be in good condition, whereas unused and abandoned structures deteriorated rapidly, with damages exacerbated by collapse, fire, and external interventions. These factors accelerate the deterioration of original architectural features and compromise the historical authenticity of the structures. Implementing preventive measures and timely maintenance for such buildings is therefore critical to mitigate further loss and preserve their heritage value. Ownership analyses show that publicly owned or expropriated buildings were repaired and reused more efficiently, whereas unused private buildings suffered from neglect due to economic and procedural delays. Examinations of board decisions and project processes revealed that the implementation of approved projects often took an extended period, and in some cases, progress was halted. This underscores that the conservation process must be considered not only through planning decisions but also through their execution mechanisms. Evaluations at the environmental scale revealed that some historical contextual elements, such as street layouts, traditional paving, garden walls, chimneys, wells, and fountains, have been preserved, while others have been lost over time. This indicates that the provisions outlined in the Conservation-Oriented Development Plan and its Implementation Provisions have not been fully or holistically realized in practice. As a result of the studies conducted within the scope of the thesis, the conservation problems of the urban conservation area and its surroundings were identified. The conservation issues of the study area have been examined at the planning, urban, and individual building scales. Legal issues were articulated through the joint evaluation of the development plan and implementation provisions of the urban conservation area and the conservation legislation in Türkiye. Based on the documented analyses and syntheses, and considering the identified changes, conservation problems were determined over the past twenty years at both the site scale and the single-building scale. In line with these problems, conservation proposals were developed at the plan scale, site scale, and single-building scale. It has been highlighted that the Conservation-Oriented Development Plan and its Implementation Provisions needs to be reassessed in light of current conditions, with a redefinition of the site boundaries and interaction-transition zones, as well as a clarification of the criteria for new construction. Within the scope of the Conservation-Oriented Development Plan and its Implementation Provisions, a general height limit of three storeys was defined for new constructions adjacent to registered buildings, while a two-storey limit was applied only to certain parcels. This has led to the construction of three-storey buildings next to some registered structures in accordance with the plan decisions. However, previous studies have shown that the traditional buildings formerly located on these parcels were predominantly one or two storeys in height. Therefore, in order to preserve the integrity of the historic fabric, it is necessary to apply a two-storey height limit to all parcels adjacent to registered buildings. At the single-building scale, it has been emphasized that decisions regarding maintenance, major repairs, and reconstruction should be determined based on the current condition of the buildings and the level of documentation available. These proposals are aimed at safeguarding the cultural heritage values of the buildings within the urban conservation area and its surroundings. The primary approach for heritage structures is to preserve them through repair. Buildings in good or moderate condition are recommended to be maintained through regular upkeep and minor repairs, ensuring continued use and reducing the need for extensive interventions. Structures in poor condition but still reusable are suggested for comprehensive restoration, which has been shown to improve their usability and structural integrity. Furthermore, the reconstruction of some demolished or missing buildings on historically documented plots is recommended where sufficient archival evidence exists. Such reconstructions should be carefully guided by existing rölöve, restitution, and restoration documentation to maintain the historical and spatial continuity of the urban fabric. However, reconstruction must be applied selectively and only where the documentation adequately supports accurate reproduction of the original structures. Interventions on buildings whose massing, plot layout, and overall form are compatible with the historical context should prioritize facade and roof adjustments. In such cases, the proportions of openings, architectural elements, and roofing materials should be aligned with the original design to ensure visual coherence. Similarly, pre-plan high-rise structures that are incompatible with the historic scale should, upon reaching the end of their lifecycle, be replaced with new buildings that adhere to the established height limits, thereby reinforcing the continuity and character of the traditional streetscape. Finally, the reorganization of Yayla Park, together with the relocation of the existing transformer within the area, is recommended in order to enhance the spatial quality and visual integrity of the site. Ensuring that new arrangements within the park are compatible with the historical and architectural character of the surroundings will contribute to strengthening the continuity of the urban fabric and improving the overall user experience. In conclusion, this study reveals the transformation processes that have occurred in the Kırklareli Urban Conservation Area and its surroundings, evaluates the current state of conservation practices, and develops comprehensive preservation recommendations to address the identified issues. The proposed measures aim to contribute to the safeguarding of the area's historical, spatial, and cultural values, ensuring their transmission to future generations.
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