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Tarihi çevrelerde çağdaş bina tasarımı: Ortaköy ve yakın çevresinde yeni bina uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi

Contemporary building desing in historical environments: Assessment of new buildings in Ortaköy and its near vicinity

  1. Tez No: 152392
  2. Yazar: ÖZGÜR GÜLER
  3. Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. IŞIL HACIHASANOĞLU
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2004
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Mimari Tasarım Bilim Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 191

Özet

ÖZET Tarihi nitelikli çevrelerde kültürel sürekliliği sürdürmek amacıyla çağdaş bina tasarlama ölçütlerini belirlemeyi amaçlayan ve seçilen bir tarihi doku içerisinde son yıllarda uygulanmış bina örneklerinin değerlendirilmesini kapsayan tez altı bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin giriş bölümünde tarihi nitelikli çevrelerde yeni bina tasarımlarının önemi ve bu konu üzerine önemle eğinilmesi gerekliliği üzerinde durulmaktadır ve bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı ve kapsamına açıklık getirilmektedir. Yine tezin giriş bölümüne paralel olarak tarihi çevre, yeni yapı, tarihi ve kültürel süreklilik, kentsel ve çevresel kimlik kavramlarına açıklık getirilerek bu kavramların tarihi çevreler için önemi tezin ikinci bölümünde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bölüm 3'de ise tarihi çevrelerde ne tür yeni yapı yaklaşımlarının bulunduğu ve yine bu bağlamda Türkiye'de ve gelişmiş ülkelerde tarihi nitelikli doku içerisinde çağdaş tasarıma yönelik yasal düzenlemeler tarihi kentlerde uygulanmış mimari örneklerle ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bölüm 4'de; bölüm 3'de açıklanan tasarım yaklaşımlarının hangi yöntemlerle tarihi nitelikli dokularda uygulandığı üzerinde durularak ne tür tasarım ölçütlerinin özgün nitelikli bu çevrelerde tasarımı etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. 5. bölüm tezin teorik kısmının Ortaköy inceleme alanında uygulanarak desteklenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu bölümün ilk kısmında Ortaköy'ün Bizans'tan Cumhuriyet Dönemine kadar olan değişim ve doku üzerinde bugün halen mevcut olan binaların özelliklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Bu bölümün ikinci kısmında ise Ortaköy tarihi kent dokusu içerisinde 9 yeni bina tasarım uygulamasının mimar, şehir ve bölge planlamacılar ve 3./4. sınıf öğrencilerinden oluşan 50 kişilik bir grup ile görsel değerlendirilmesi yapılmış ve bu bağlamda ortaya çıkan sonuçlar irdelenmiştir. XVTezin sonuç kısmı olan 6. bölüm de; tez boyunca yapılan bütün literatür çalışması ve alan uygulamasıyla ne tür sonuçlara ulaşıldığı ve tarihi nitelikli özellikleri olan çevrelerde tasarımcıların nasıl bir yol izleyerek bu niteliklere sahip, çevresiyle uyumlu binalar tasarlayabilecekleri önerilerle belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. xvı

Özet (Çeviri)

CONTEMPORARY BUILDING DESIGN IN HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENTS: ASSESSMENT OF NEW BUILDINGS IN ORTAKOY AND ITS NEAR VICINITY SUMMARY Considering the integration of new buildings into historical surroundings is an important issue to provide cultural and historical continuity. Also in our time, new building designs in old settlements are acknowledged as another dimension of the contemporary conservation. New buildings, are expressing their own technological possibilities and cultures as they interact with the nearby environment in historical vicinities as well in much wider scale like towns. Nowadays, the result of technology, economy and social and political issues has created a great impact in alteration of natural and artificial environments. Particularly, technological improvements and rapid developments in communication fields have provided the communities the latest advances in a very short time. When the historical environments that have a wide variety of cultural accumulation have to be transferred to the next generation by us, we must consider this speed of alteration with the utmost care. Because nowadays historical and cultural differences among communities are undervalued, any types of buildings and building technologies are adapted into different cultures casually and without sufficient forethought. Recently, population has been increased and the effects of this considerable change in big cities like Istanbul can be easily realized. Particularly after the industrial revolution, social and economic frame has changed, which is reflected in the urban structure of a city. Negative impacts of this change are usually seen in old city cores. Change is inevitable and this reality is approved and parallel to this acceptance. The right interpretation and evaluation of the past is a factor that will bring the cultural continuity among the historical and cultural differences of nations, which finally will eradicate the possibilities of being monotonous. xvuAs the historical and cultural continuity are foremost in historical parts of the city rather than other vicinities; new buildings must be designed according to the following factors: - considering and realizing their nearby vicinity, - analyzing the existing vicinity, understanding their character and values, - assimilating their vicinity. The new buildings firstly will shape their environment and in this context will shape the social and cultural frame of the society, as the culture that designates the social frame of societies will remodel the architectural pattern. Specifically designing a new building in the environment that has traditional-cultural features requires a responsible approach. Continuity in existing environments demands significant data sympathetic with the new designs. New buildings designed in an old settlement must have some attributes with reference to that data, as they are to form a visual harmony in context, reflecting the cultural, traditional and technological state of the present and linking the past with the future. There are many ways to design a new building in an old settlement whilst retaining harmony in architectural context. The main point is that new buildings must be designed in consideration of retaining the old settlements. The approaches that are related with new building designs into the building and group of buildings that have historical, cultural values would be interpreted in different ways and would be integrated as each architect has different knowledge and approach. Different interpretations of the word 'harmony' according to various persons will completely influence the character of the environment and of course the meaning of the new building. These approaches can be classified into three groups, which are; - Contrast, Imitation, - Interpretation. Trying to repeat the forms of past we will create a negative effect and“confusion”on the community that has been changing with time passing according to its requirements. Contemporary comfort conditions of unique environments must be considered in carrying on and integrating new buildings within the city. xvuiIn these contexts there are six chapters in this thesis. Introduction refers to the importance of new building designs in historical qualified environments. This context tries to state the aim of the study and to extend it further more. Nevertheless parallel to the introduction part of the thesis, concepts of historical environment, new building, historical - cultural continuity, and urban and environmental identity are aimed to explain how important are these concepts. The scope of chapter 3 is to understand the way that new buildings are approaching historical environments. In this context lawful arrangements about contemporary designs in old settlements in Turkey and in developing countries are handled with examples taken from historical cities. Chapter 4 focuses on what kind of methods can be used with the design approaches, which were explained in chapter 3. Furthermore, the kind of design criteria should influence the original qualified environments. Chapter 5 is the practice part of the theoretical part of the thesis that was applied in Ortakoy, a historical area in Istanbul. In that context the first part of this chapter mentions about the change of the character of Ortakoy from Byzantium to Republic of Turkey as most of the historical buildings retain their characteristic features and historical texture of that era. In the second part of the chapter 9 new building designs that are in historical pattern of Ortakoy were evaluated by 50 individual group composed by architects, urban designers and 3rd, 4th class students and the results of this evaluation are scrutinized. Finally the 6th chapter, which is the conclusion of this study, highlights the results that were reached throughout the 5 chapters. And also some suggestions have been done on how to design a new building in historical city textures. The sections, which are enumerated, are explaining the reached results of this thesis;. New building must present its own era but also must care of its vicinity. This kind of applications can only give a well result with analyzing the existing vicinity. Before designing a contemporary building in old settlements; existing texture must be analyzed and well comprehended.. Old settlements are the most significant areas in cities and they are like focal points. New buildings can affect this kind of textures positively or negatively. It all depends on how the architect will“touch”all these different approaches. xix. It is so important to handle the design of the new building as a part of the cultural continuity in the historical texture, but to supply this with continuity does not mean that the new building will carry the same qualities, shapes and forms as the existing buildings have. Certainly change of natural environments is usual and historical vicinities can only sustain their continuities with the buildings that indicate their own eras. In this respect, contemporary design solutions, which benefit from visual qualities of existing vicinities, wear technologies and features of their own era, manifest themselves as contemporary buildings by using the materials, style etc. must be provided.. The study aimed, to evaluate new building design approaches in historical vicinities and then to find out some new building design criteria for this kind of textures. Hence, a public survey was done with an experienced group that was composed of architects and urban designers. The results were parallel as both architects and urban designers agreed on these issues. These results can be useful, as they can provide a new way of understanding the need of the new building design into a historical settlement, without disrespecting the values of the old buildings. xx

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