Kalite çemberi ve endüstriyel kalite yönetimi
Quality circles and industrial quality management
- Tez No: 22051
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. GÖNÜL YENERSOY
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 103
Özet
QZET Endüstride ve günlük yaşantımızda kalite ils ilgili kanularda bir kavram birliği bulunmamaktadır. Kalite mutlaka en iyi demek değildir. Kalite, kullanım amacına uygunluk derecesi alarak tanımlanabilir. Kalitenin ta nımlanmasında en önemli unsur, insan ihtiyaçlarının ni teliğidir. Bu nitelik zaman içinde değişir. Kalite kantralu, kalitenin kantral altında tutulmasıdır. Böy lece hatalı üretim önlenebilir. Kalite kontrolü stan dartların saptanması, mamul kalitesinin standartlara uygunluğunun sağlanması, düzeltici kararlar alınması.ve; ata.ntiLart.rar i geliştirme' çalışmaları.kademelerinden ' oluşur. Endüstrilerin kaliteye yaklaşımları şu temel lere dayanmalıdır. Kalite bir sistem problemidir. Sü reklidir ve bilimsel yöntemler kullanılmalıdır. Kalitenin geliştirilmesinde kullanılan önemli yön temlerden biri kalite çemberleridir. Kalite çemberleri bir kuruluşun verimlilik, kalite gibi sorunlarını görüş mek, tartışmak ve çözümlemek amacı ile oluşturulan küçük çalışan kümeleridir. Kalite çemberleri, bir yönetim ve organizasyon tekniğidir; çalışan insanı geliştirme fel sefesine dayanır; teşvik, geliştirmek, olgunlaştırma ve ödüllendirme esastır. Kalite çemberleri, işletmenin ka lite ve yaratıcılık potansiyelini arttırır. Böylece iş letmenin rekabet gücü artar. Kalite kontrol, üretim sisteminin bir alt sistemi olduğundan kalite faaliyetleri ek bir maliyet oluşturur, Kalite maliyetleri ile seviyesi arasında denge sağlanır sa kalite planlaması amacına ulaşmış olur. Endüstriler, optimum kalite hedefine ulaşabilmek için firma çapında kalite sistemi kurmalıdırlar. Kali te sistemi, kalitenin planlanması, kontrolü ve gelişti rilmesi aşamalarından oluşur. Belirli bir kalite sevi yesine ulaşan firmalar kaliteyi takip etmeli, denetim ve eğitim yolu ile korumalıdır. vı
Özet (Çeviri)
QUALITY CIRCLES AND INDUSTRIAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT SUMMARY There's no concept unity about the quality in industry and in our daily life. Quality does not mean the best. Quality can be described as the convenience degree to the aim of use. Quality is a specification that: consumer wants and the; producer- carr supply, ~ propriety to standards and permenance. The most important factor in the description of quality is the characteristics of human needs. These characteristics changes in time. The quality of a product is made of two factors. 1- Quality of design 2- Quality of prapriqrity Quality control is to have the quality under control. Thus a production with errors can be prevented by an interverance to the production when it is needed. It is more economical not to produce instead of to produce with errors. Basic aim of quality control is to eliminate the conditions that cause a faulty production and then to continue production. Quality control is made up of four main steps: 1 - Determination of standards 2- To obtain the convenience of product quality to standards. 3- To have correcting decisions, k- The works for the improvement of standards. vııHy applying art affective quality control, these aims can be realized: 1- The improvement of product quality and design, 2- The decrease of production costs, 3- To remave the compactness in production line, k- The decrease of customer complaints, 5- To increase the prestige af the company, 6- To improve the relations between the employers the personnel. A quality control system is to be effected all the functions from consumer wants to distribution. The factors that effect the quality control are; 1 - Market, 2- Financial apportunities, 3- Human power, k- Material, 5- Plantmachine and production techniques, 6- Technological level, 7- Education and laws. In Turkey, the country that industry develops quickly-the amount of production is increasing and by the cause of rising life-standards, the consumer likes with diffuculty. Also it is necessary to be opened to the external markets. The forces the producers to raise the quality of his products to the level at developed countries. As a general appraisal, the formation of quality in Turkey is a subject that should be thinken with the technological development, the change in social and economical structure. Only the efforts of companies is not enough in the solution of quality vxxiproblems. It is necessary for industries to cooperate with the state's associations. Industries have to consider the consider the quality in three main principles: 1 - Quality as a system problem 2- Quality problem is continious 3- Scientific techniques and controlling equipment should be used. The studies of quality control improvement,., increases the costs: of the company. rn“ order to raise the quality by not increasing the casts, it is neceassary to get. high productivity in production. One of the important techniques that is used in the development of quality is quality circles. Quality circles are small, working heaps that are formed by the aim of to solve, consider, argue the problems like quality, productivity of a company. in the company, the people that are related with this subject convene on time perweek by their own wishes. Quality circles are management and organization techniques. It depends an the idea to develop the human. It is a principle to improve, to encourage, to reward in quality circle applications. Basic purpose of quality circles is to improve the quality. Other purposes are: 1 - To supply with the development of company. 2- To get better living conditions in the job-site, 3- To make use of the workpower at maximum level» Quality circles increases the potantial of quality& creativeness of the company. Thus it increases the rivalry power of the company. In order to have successful quality circles, all the workers should support these studies. IXQuality circles are made up of five parts; 1- Council of managers, 2- Coordinator, 3- Guide, k- Leader, 5- Members. This organization has no independent structure from management structure. Top manageres should have the priority in the education of quality circles. Lower stages should be educated after tap- managers have 'enough education. The studies of quality circles begin after the education of the circle members. First, problems are determined. Solutions are searched by analyzing the problems. The solution that is found is presented to management. If the management accepts after a study, quality circle activity finishes. Quality circles uses some techniques in order to determine, examine and to solue the problems. These techniques are brain storming, pare to analysis, cause- effect analysis, control diagrams. Quality circles are applied in order to get useful for the workers, companies and the country. For this reason, they should be fallowed in order to determine whether they realized they aims or not. Because of quality control is a lower system of the production system, quality activites create an additional cast. Quality costs are made up of four basic groups: 1 - Faulty production costs 2- External costs 3- Measurement and evaluation casts A-- Protection castsIt is not easy to have a labance between quality casts and quality level. If this balance is achieved, that means quality planning has realized the purpose. Gne of the main purposes of the industries is to adapt to the international quality competition. Due to this purpose, quality investments increase. In order to increase the production quality economically, the quality management activities should be accelerated. Also a quality system should be established company-wide in order to reach optimum quality. Quality system is made up of the steps, quality planning, quality control and quality development. Quality planning comprises the decisions related to the detHTiTrinatian of whra”t walud bre production quality. Quality control, comprises the decisions that makes the quality to be controlled during production. The aim of the quality development system is to produce alter native decisions that decreases the cost and increases the quality & productivity, also to realize these decisions. In the quality circle, consumption dimensions is as important as the quality production. Thus, by his side the production quality, usage and designing quality is formed. In the controlling of quality, it is a base to control the usage quality. Quality marketing and area performance take place in the fallowing af quality. Quality should increase the income of the company. This necessitates the subjects such as marketing of the product, consequently the quality, after the production; to be used as an advertisement factor, guarentee obligations and product abligations, to be considered. Area performance is the problems that exist after controls and experiments of the product quality. A company that has reached a certain level of quality in production should protect this level. For this reason, companies should control their quality systems and educate the workers. The aim af the quality supervising is to prove whether the quality function had been done perfectly or not. That is to say, it is based an the comparison of the standard quality performance and realized quality performance. XIThe basic factor in terminating the problems that are determined by the quality contrals is the educated human power. The purpose in the quality education is to give the information to the personnel that makes tham to realize the desired quality in the most economical way. Idhen the quality control unit, gets its real place in the management organization, the work function of the modern quality system can be obtained. The place of the quality control function in management organizations should be depended an two basic principles 1- Quality control department should be near to the top management 2- It should be at the same level with production department. ?-.:
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