The Russian population in Kazakhstan and its impact on Kazakh Russian relations
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 368643
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. GÜN KUT
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Tarih, Uluslararası İlişkiler, History, International Relations
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2001
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 139
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
After it gained independence at the end of 1991, Kazakhstan set out on the road of independent development. One of the principal issues facing the state authorities at the time was finding of ways to accomodate the interests of different ethnic groups in Kazakhstan, primarily of Russian population as they have constituted the largest group after Kazakhs themselves. The immigration of Russians into Kazakhstan, which started late in 19-th century and which continued throughout the 20-th century did not create problems at the outset as this process took place during the Soviet times. However, toward the late 1980's, with union republics gaining increasing autonomy and sovereignty from Moscow, the leadership of Kazakhstan, as in other republics, started to effect policies aimed at reforming the political, economic and social spheres. In terms of nationality policy, new changes were reflected. in policies which aimed at asserting the ethnic, cultural and linguistic traditions of the titular nation, that is, Kazakh nation. Thus, in particular, Kazakh language was accorded the status of state language while Russian was to serve as the language of inter-ethnic communication and state recruitment practices came to be lop-sided in favour of the titular nation including the highest echelons of government posts. The state also undertook the difficult task of repatriating members of Kazakh diaspora from abroad who have fled the country during Stalin regime and mass starvations of 1930's to compensate the historical injustice and also to reinforce the demographic balance in the country in favor of Kazakhs. These policies, in tum, have aroused concern among the Russian population in Kazakhstan. Concerned that nationality policy was pushing them toward second class citizen status, they have mobilized into various political groups to press for recognition of Russian language as a state language, granting of proportional representation at government and administrative posts besides appeals to Kazakh and Russian presidents to adopt laws that would facilitate dual citizenship for them. In some cases, unorganized radical groups among Russian population have championed the cause of unification of Kazakhstan with Russia or secession of heavily Russian-populated areas from Kazakhstan. Consequently, perceived discrimination against themselves combined with the economic hardships prevalent in the country have prompted many Russians to opt for emigration to the Russian Federation or other foreign countries. Against this background, and the rhetoric that the Russian Federation would intervene, forcefully if needed, to protect the rights of Russian people in Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet republics, this outcome did not materialize. Instead, KazakhRussian relations have been overtaken by other, more pressing issues. The tight economic bonds and common military and defense infrastructure which have developed during the Soviet period necessitated the continuation of these relations. Besides, new spheres of cooperation have emerged such as resource development and transportation, especially around the Caspian Sea basin and, lately, the joint effort to curb the spread of extremism and terrorism, originating primarily from the south, countries such as Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Certainly, these cooperation efforts are to extend to othre areas of interest by the countries in question over the cornmg years.
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