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Ortaklaşmacı demokrasi ve Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti

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  1. Tez No: 41504
  2. Yazar: GÜNSELİ GÜVEN
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. ANIL ÇEÇEN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Kamu Yönetimi, Siyasal Bilimler, Public Administration, Political Science
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Kamu Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 130

Özet

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Özet (Çeviri)

The underlying principle of consociational democracy is that the ethnic divisions and tensions cannot be eliminated and hence should be taken as givens. The political system is run on the basis of negotiation and compromise between the constituent ethnic groups, so avoiding majority rule which may antagonize the smaller or weaker groups. Consociational democracy which is the antithesis of majority-rule democracy as prescribed by the Westminster model, can be defined in terms of four characteristics. The two primary characteristics are the participation of the representatives of all significant groups in the government of the country (grand coalition) and a high degree of authonomy of these groups (segmental autonomy). The secondary characteristics are proportionality and the minority veto. Switzerland, Belgium and Canada are considered Western consociational democracies. They have coped with their internal divisions and conflicts through the politics of accommandation and reconciliation between the different ethnic groups rather than by disregarding ethnicty. Since South Africa is a racially and ethnically divided society, some authors allege that the adoption of a system of multi-ethnic rule based on the principles of consociational democracy is the only way out for South Africa. South Africa held its first fully inclusive and democratic election on 27 April 1994. Over the past four years intensive and 119120 arduous negotiations have produced an Interim Constitution in terms of which the country will be governed until a final constitution is agreed upon. The latter is to be drawn up by the National Parliament sitting as a constitution-making body, in which capacity it will be known as the Constitutional Assembly. The Interim Constitution stipulates that a new constitutional text shall comply with the Constitutional Principles contained in the Interim Constitution. The objective of both of consociational democracy and federalism is to provide political arrangements in which the tensions between the segments of a plural society can be accommodated within a single sovereign state and it can be argued that federal theory embodies all of the basic principles of consociational democracy,, at least in rudimentary form. Significant elements of federalism in the form of nine provincial legislatures have been incorporated in the Interim Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Although federal theory contains important consociational elements, a federation is fully consociational only if all four basic principles of consociational democracy are present. In this respect, South Africa is not fully consociational but have significant consociational features. However, it is too early to judge whether South Africa is a consociational democracy or not. In order to determine the degree of consociationalism in South Africa, we should wait the final constitution of South Africa and the constitutions of the Provinces to be approved.

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