Türkçede ve Korecede yansımaların karşılaştırılması
A Comparative study on the onomatopoeic and mimetic words of Turkish and Korean languages
- Tez No: 51768
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. DOĞAN AKSAN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Dilbilim, Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Linguistics, Eastern Linguistics and Literature
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 295
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
- 165 - SUMMARY The following results have been achieved from our study which examines the yansımalar of Turkish and Korean languages through the method of comparison. The necessary arrangement is made in both languages by re-examining the present concepts and definitions related go the issue. The theses put forth by the Western scientists, which were most of the time related to the theories developed on their own languages were applied to our languages in the exact manner. The same condition could be seen in yansımalar. Saussure, accepted as the founder of modern linguistics, while explaining the arbitrary nature of the sign, touched on yansımalar and claimed that these could be put forth against the principle(i.e. arbitrariness), however, furthermore added that they were in the state of obvious proof and that their number was much smaller than was generally supposed. It is obvious that Saussure based this judgement on languages where yansımalar were limited in number. However, today, this view which led to the negligence of yansımalar on both languages, seems to be accepted both in Turkey and Korea. In accordance, the term“onomatopoeia”, which failed to mirror the yansımalar of both languages, was used. In our- 166 - study, by taking into consideration the yansımalar of both languages, classified the yansımalar again and tried to overcome the vagueness in present definitions. The points which we thought should be included in defining yansımalar are as follows: (1) Yansımalar are elements which have been formed in their adaptations to the sounds made and movements, motions and conditions displayed either direct or indirect (through their own inner characteristics and their own energies or dependent on some other factors beside himself) by the creatures in nature. (2) While expressing, they should obey to the order of double articulation in the related language. (3) There should be a conventional tie between signified and signifier (4) According to the aim or the subject of the research,“The words formed by one morpheme, at least, which is originated from yansıma”can be added to (1), (2) and (3). The term“yansımalar”can be easily considered in Turkish since it is a pure Turkish and also it is widely used. As a sub-category, the following terms can be suggested: sesyansimalari onomatopoeic words) are words resembling the sounds made by the creatures in nature either direct or indirect. devinim- dur umyansımalar( mimetic- 167 - words) are words resembling the movements, motions and conditions displayed by creatures and ses ve devinim- durumyansımalari onomatopoeic and mimetic words) can said to form the group of words which cannot be carefully identified as to what they resemble. Looking from the standpoint of the yansımalar taken into consideration in our study, 59 types of syllable in the Turkish language and 76 types of syllable in the Korean language are depicted. Although only 27 of these can be found in both Turkish and Korean yansımalar, they cover the greatest part of the yansımalar of both languages. In other words, the greatest part of Turkish yansimalariTS' %90.1, DS: %90.1), and the greatest part of Korean yansimalar(% 85.5) have the same syllable structure. Although the percentage of syllable structure shared both by Turkish and Korean yansımalar is %45.8 in Turkish and %35.5 in Korean only, the high percentage in yansımalar which have the same syllables is worth taking into consideration(Table 15). Looking at the first syllables of yansımalar, although both languages make use of almost all the vowels within their vowel systems, it is clearly seen that the vowels Ounrounded], [-front], [±low] are encountered. In the first syllables of Turkish yansımalar, either all eight vowels are found in single or reduplication format. When we- 168 - look at Korean, we come across with the following result: 18 out of 21 vowels is used in single forms, 19 vowels are used in reduplication form In terms of frequency, the vowels which take the first three are as follows: TS: i(%39.4), a(%32.1), u(%8.2) KS: a(%24.3), ö(%19.3), u(%14.4) The vowels in the first two places in both languages are [+unrounded], [-front], [±low]. The vowel in the third place is, which is found in both languages [-unrounded], [-front], [-high] /u/. When we take into consideration the chance of a vowel coming up as a rule coincidentally in Turkish is %12.5 and %4.8 in Korean, the tendency of both languages toward the first three vowels in the syllables of their yansımalar, can be easily conceived. As a result, we can make the following conclusion in both languages: (D Yansımalar, on the contrary, do not transfer the sounds and movements of the creatures directly. Because if it were so, the yansımalar in all the languages in the world would be the same and moreover, the tendency towards a kind of vowels would be out of question. (2) Both Turkish and Korean yansımalar, in their first syllables prefer firstly [-front], secondly [+unrounded], thirdly [±low] and lastly [-unrounded]- 169 - When we look at the consonants found in the yansımalar of both languages, the following common characteristics draw our attention"- in the first sounds of the yansımalar almost all the consonants within the consonant arrangement of both languages can be found and that there is no inclination towards a certain consonant can be seen. Another point which draws our attention related to the consonants within the first sounds of the yansımalar, is the outcome that no yansımalar starting with the letter /r/ can be found and that yansımalar starting with nasal consonant is far less in number. As to the consonants within the last sounds of yansımalar, the tendency, absent in the first sounds, towards certain consonants in both languages draws considerable attention. We are in the opinion that the parallel seen between the yansımalar of Turkish and Korean should not be evaluated as a common tendency among all the languages in the world. Because the parallelism in yansımalar between the two languages is not only found in onomatopoeic words, but also in mimetic words. A part of the yansımalar, displays a full parallelism although it does include a morpheme (for example Tür. : Kor. fokur fokur.' pokur pokur, kımıl kımıl : kumul kumul, kıvır kıvır.' kubur kubur, etc.), another part displays a parallel not in their- 170 - roots but in the morpheme they take (for example Tür. : Kor. {-(İM, {-(Dr) : {-(1)1} or {-(Dr), {-(î)m) : {-(Dm), C-(l)s) or {-(!)§} : {-(Vs}, {-Kİr} : {-göri}, {-dE} : {-de}, {-EdEk} : {-AdAk}, {-EdEn} : {-AdAu}). In conclusion, the great parallelism between the two languages, which emerges in our study, although a part of it can be related to the common tendencies found in the human languages, a great part of it indicates that there is at least a cultural relationship between the two languages. We are in the opinion that with this closeness, important reasons and materials will appear so that a research could be carried out on the Altaic family of languages.
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