İstanbul-İkitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi'nde mevcut durumun tespit ve değerlendirilmesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 66635
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. KAYA ÖZGEN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 242
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışma, İstanbul- İkitelli 'de kurulmakta olan organize küçük sanayi bölgesinin kuruluşunu, işleyişini ve sorunlarını incelemek ve çözüm önerileri sunabilmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Organize küçük sanayi bölgeleri, her küçük sanayi sitesinin bir organize sanayi bölgesi parseli olarak kabul gördüğü bölgelerdir. Bu bölgelerin fonksiyonları ve kuruluş amaçlan küçük sanayi sitelerinin fonksiyonları ve kuruluş amaçlarıyla aynı olmakla beraber Sanayi ve Ticaret Bakanlığı tarafından yapılan işlemlerde organize sanayi bölgesi statüsünde bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple, kuruluş ve işletim aşamalarında, organize sanayi bölgelerinin kuruluş ve işletim hükümlerine bağlıdır. Kullanılan organize küçük sanayi bölgesi terimi bazı problemleri ortadan kaldırabilmek amacıyla ortaya çıkmış zorlama bir terim olduğu için, İkitelli 'de kurulmakta olan organize küçük sanayi bölgesinin kuruluşu ne küçük sanayi sitelerinin, ne de organize sanayi bölgelerinin kuruluşuna benzemektedir. Hem normal işleyişten sapmaları gösterebilmek amacıyla, hem de organize küçük sanayi bölgelerinin fonksiyonları ve kuruluş amaçlan ile kuruluşu ve işletimi farklı kaynaklara dayandığı için, küçük sanayi siteleri ve organize sanayi bölgeleri ayrı bölümler halinde incelenmiştir. Değerlendirmelerde küçük sanayinin özelliklerinin de gözönüne alınabilmesi için, küçük sanayinin tarihi gelişimi ve bugünkü durumu genel bilgi olarak verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde küçük sanayinin ve küçük sanayi teşkilatlarının Avrupa' daki ve cumhuriyet öncesi ve sonrası dönemde Türkiye'deki tarihi gelişimi incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde küçük sanayi sitelerinin kuruluşu, amaçlan, yararlan ve küçük sanayi sitelerinde yapılan tip proje çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde organize sanayi bölgelerinin kuruluşu, işleyişi ve hukuki dayanakları ile İkitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesinin bir eşi olan İvedik Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi araştırılmıştır. Dördüncü bölüm bu çalışmanın ağırlığım oluşturmaktadır; organize küçük sanayi bölgesi statüsündeki ilk örnek olan İkitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı İkitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi'nin incelenmesi olduğu için 2. ve 3. bölümlerde, verilen bilgiler doğrultusunda, birer alt bölüm olarak, İkitelli'nin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Beşinci bölümde ise İkitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi'nin genel bir değerlendirmesi ve incelenen konuya ilişkin öneriler verilmiştir. xiii
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY İkitelli Organized Small-Scale Industrial Zone (İkitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi) is the first example of its kind in Turkey and also on the world as an organized small-scale industrial zone. The objective of this study is to understand the establishment and operation of İkitelli as well as the problems encountered during the establishment and operation. In an organized small-scale industrial zone, every small-scale industrial estate is accepted as one site of the organized industrial zone. Although the aim of establishment is the same of small-scale industrial estates, these zones are regarded as organized industrial zones by the Ministry Of Industry and Commerce. Thus, the establishment procedure is same as with the organized industrial zones. However, since the aim and the scope as well as the establishment procedure of İkitelli Organized Small-Scale Industrial Zone differs from both the organized industrial zones and the small-scale industrial estates, both are investigated separately in this study. The historical development of small-scale industry in Europe and Turkey is included briefly for a better understanding of present status of the small-scale industry in Turkey. The definition of small-scale industry is changing with time and with the country in question. Generally, the number of the workers, the amount of products or the capital of the firm is used as a measure to define the scale of the enterprise. Today in Turkey, an enterprise, employing 1 to 50 workers, is regarded as small- scale, while an enterprise, employing 50 to 150 workers, is considered as medium- scale. Studies show that, due to the rapid urbanization and related increase in demand, the development of small-scale industry in Europe began in 10th and 11th centuries. During this period, craftsmen and small-scale industrialists preferred to organize themselves. Initially, these organizations were based on religion, according to the needs of the century. But in the 14th century they lost their religious character and this was the beginning the guilds. 14th century was the most effective time of guilds, but in the 15th century guilds lost their importance, again because of the rapid urbanization, population explosion and increase of demand. Their production was far from meeting the demand and more mechanized work was required to increase production. However the craftsmen and small scale industrialists did not have enough capital to buy the equipment. So, wealthy people begun dominating the manufacturing industry. In the 18th century, mass production spread all around and mis was the end of guilds. With the development of the medium- and big-scale industries in 20th century, small-scale industries and crafts were expected to disappear. However, although in small amount, they still exist and continue to produce variety of goods. xivThis study includes the historical development of crafts and small-scale industry in Anatolia since 1 1th century. Initially, crafts and small-scale industrial activities were performed by non-Muslims. In the 13th century, because of the war in Türkistan and Horasan, the craftsmen and the small-scale industrialists of these regions immigrated to Iran and Anatolia. Part of these emigrants, first settled in Iran, then immigrated to Anatolia. These emigrants had learned fütüvvecilik1 in Iran which is accepted as the foundation of the guilds in Anatolia. The emigrants had to perform more qualified work, offer lower prices and an organized work to compete with the Anatolian craftsmen. This was the second reason for founding the guilds. Different from Iran, the religious and moral rules of the craftsmen were called Ahilik, in Anatolia. This name comes from Şeyh Nassrüddin Ahi Devran, the establisher of crafts' rules. At the beginning, these rules were only for Muslim craftsmen and small scale industrialists. But later, because of the increase in the number of non-Muslim craftsmen, Muslims and non-Muslims came together and gedik was born. Different from Europe, performing job in Ottoman Empire, without the permission of the gedik was forbidden. Until mid 1700's, gediks kept their importance but later by the beginning of the collapse of Ottoman Empire, gediks lost their importance and on 17th June 1861, gediks were legally abolished, but some had the chance to perform their jobs. In 1912, all kind of guilds were abolished. It is important mat, in Ottoman Empire, bedesten4, s, the places where craftsmen and small-scale industrialists performed their jobs, were one of the first examples of the small-scale industrial estates. At the time of Turkish Republic, the development of small-scale industry began in 1960“s. The general characteristic of the nation was agricultural and the technology was insufficient when the development of small-scale industry begun. So the Turkish Government tried to improve the situation. Systems for improvement were included in every annual development plan. Number of laws were passed also to improve the manufacturing environment and work force quality. The aim of constructing small-scale industrial estates is to gamer craftsmen in the suburbs of the city, to provide ”better places to work“ and to reduce the harmful effects of the ateliers, such as traffic jam, noise and air pollution, and unsystematic development of the city etc. ”Better places to work“ means wider places, easier transportation of workers and materials, sufficient electrical sources, crafts schools, courses for craftsmen, community centres and so on. On the world, the idea of small scale industrial estates was born in 1930's and in Turkey, in 1965. Small scale industrial estates are founded to, * Increase the productivity, * Prevent the traffic jam, caused by the transportation of raw materials and goods, 1 fütüvvecilik: An organization especially spread in ban, that depends on religious and moral rules. 2 Ahilik: An organization especially spread in Anatolia, that depends on religious and moral rules. 3 Gedik: The name of the guilds in Ottoman Empire. 4 Bedesten: Places where craftsmen work together in Ottoman Empire xv* Maintain neighborhood relationships between ateliers in small-scale industrial estates and increase the rate of help between them, * Easily found common machinery parks, * Maintain sufficient sources of electricity, by making special calculations for the estates, * Maintain wide spread and easily founded theoretical and practical training. For the improvement of small-scale industry in Turkey, Turkish Government had organized number of foundations. Some of these are: Small-Scale Industry Development Centre ( KÜSGEM ), Gaziantep Small-Scale Industrial Estate, Small-Scale Industry Development Organization ( KÜSGET ), Small and Medium Scale Industry Support and Development Administration Presidency ( KOSGEB ). KÜSGEM and KÜSGET were abolished and only KOSGEB remains today. Following steps are to be taken to establish a small-scale industrial estate in Turkey: 1. Province, co-op or the municipality concerned should make a proposal, 2.A report should be prepared by the head of civilian service concerning the condition of local industry, 3. The results of public survey should be evaluated according to the local economic conditions, 4.A suitable piece of land should be selected for the small-scale industrial estate by the authorized personnel of the ministry, 5.The land which is not included in the municipal plan, should be added to the municipal or the provincial plan, 6.The land should be bought by the cooperative and the title deeds should be presented to the ministry, 7.The documents proving that the members of the cooperative are small-scale entrepreneurs should be prepared, 8. The project of the small-scale industrial estates should be prepared by the state planning organization, 9. Exploration and the tender files should be prepared. Some of the problems, occur in pre-construction and construction period are selection of land, excessive spending of time in planning and approval, expropriation, providing credit, controlling the construction, construction of infrastructure, administration of the cooperation. Organized industrial regions are also constructed for providing ”better places to work", but the difference between industrial estates and industrial zones is the volume of production. In organized industrial zones, more mechanised work is done and the number of workers per production unit is more than the ones in the small- scale industrial estates. The area for each production unit also increases according to the increase of the number of workers. Another difference of the two is that the organized industrial zones are underconstructed areas. On the world, organized industrial zones are used to encourage investments, since the Second World War. In Turkey, construction of organized industrial zones xvibegan after 1962. As an encouragement, The Ministry Of Industry and Commerce loans long term-low rate credits for construction. The advantages of organized industrial zones are; * Preventing the harmful affects of the factories spread around the city, * The rationalization of production and increasing the profit, * The systematic development of the city, * Increased usage of non-agricultural areas, * Increasing the relationship between industries, Steps to be taken in order to establish organized industrial zones are; 1.Proposal of the province concerned, 2.Inclusion of the project to the investment plan by the state planning organization, 3. Establishment of the enterprise which will be responsible for the construction of the organized industrial zone, 4.Completion of the preliminary studies by the ministry, 5. Selection of the land by the commission of land selection, 6. Preparation of the geological and geotechniqual reports of selected land, 7. Preparation of feasibility report by the enterprising institution, 8. Expropriation of selected land by the private administration or the land office, 9.Preparation of urban development plan of the land, lO.Preparation of application plans belonging to the infrastructure and social facilities, 1 1. Preparation of the exploration and the tender contract files. Some of the problems occur during the construction are, insufficient finance sources, the enterprise which is not accepted as juristic person, little interest of municipalities, selection of site, expropriation, the procedure of credit loan, etc. The aim of constructing an industrial zone in İkitelli was to transfer small scale industrialists from the ancient peninsula of Istanbul to İkitelli, for protecting the ancient values and providing wider and modern places for industrialists. Initially, it was named İkitelli Small-Scale Industrial Estates, but later, for credit purposes, it was changed to İkitelli Organized Small-Scale Industrial Zone. The location was selected according to the 1/2S.000 scaled plan accepted on 7 October 1983 and the construction begun in October 1986. Problems of İkitelli had begun with the 1/5000 scaled plan accepted on 10 October 1985. For a virtually rapid work, the plan was prepared according to insufficient social, cultural and technical infrastructure researches. Because of this, new plans had to be prepared for better solutions. Here are these plans in the time order; 7 October 1983 1/25.000 scaled neighborhood extension plan, 10 October 1984 1/5000 scaled extension plan, 30 October 1984 1/25.000 scaled neighborhood extension plan, 2 August 1985 1/5000 scaled extension plan, 9 October 1987 1/25.000 scaled neighborhood extension plan, 4 March 1992 1/25.000 scaled neighborhood extension plan, 19 March 1992 1/5.000 scaled extension plan, xvu8 January 1996 1/5.000 scaled extension plan. Another problem was finance; the 80% of the construction thought to be done by credits, but the feasibility reports prepared in 1987, in order to loan credit was rejected by the State Planning Organization. Reasons for rejection were; l.The industrial zone thought to be constructed in order to transfer industrialists from ancient peninsula of İstanbul, but the number of ateliers in İkitelli site is more man the ones in ancient peninsula, so the difference seemed to be speculative. 2.The maximum area of one atelier is accepted as 130 sq.m. by the State Planning Organization, but in ikitelli 800 sq.m. ateliers can also be found. 3. Loaning credit to the industrial estates located in İstanbul which is a developed city, is against the general policy of the government. In 1989, a second attempt was made to loan credit and the name of the site was changed to İkitelli Organized Small-Scale Industrial Zone and the status of the site was accepted as organized industrial zone. By this change, it could be possible to loan credit for the infrastructure of the site. Besides many problems, the major obstacle is insufficient pre-construction planning. In order to avoid similar problems in future establishments, it is essential that sufficient infrastructure research is done and permanent extension plans are prepared. Furthermore, legal status of organized small-scale industrial zones must be clearly defined by passing necessary laws, which must be prepared according to tiie practical requirements of these zones. xvm
Benzer Tezler
- Küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerde muhasebe bilgi sisteminin kullanımı: Bir araştırma
The utilization of accounting information system in small and medium sized enterprises: A research
MELTEM KAHVECİ
- Sanayi sektöründe çalışan yönetici kadınların karşılaştığı sorunlar: İkitelli Organize Sanayi örneği
Problems faced by executive women working in the industrial sector: The case of İkitelli Organized Industry
ZEYNEP KÜÇÜK
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2022
Sosyolojiİstanbul Ticaret ÜniversitesiSosyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. AHMET KORKUT TUNA
- İstanbul gelişme alanlarının belirlenmesinde İkitelli organize küçük sanayi bölgesinin etkileri
The Effect İkitelli organized small industrial district in determining the development areas of İstanbul
A. ŞEBNEM ORAY (YÜZER)
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1993
Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlamaİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiPROF.DR. CENGİZ GİRİTLİOĞLU
- İkitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi bölgesi ulaşım etüdü
Transportation survey of İkitelli Organized Small Industrial zone
OZAN İNAN
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2006
Ulaşımİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesiİnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF.DR. NADİR YAYLA
- Demir dışı metal sanayi sitesinin yerel hava kirliliğine katkısının incelenmesi?İSDÖK Sanayi Sitesi örneği
Investigation of the impact of a non-ferrous industrial site on local air quality?İSDÖK Industrial Site case
PINAR SARAL YILMAZ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2010
Çevre MühendisliğiHacettepe ÜniversitesiÇevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. GÜLEN GÜLLÜ