Milas Mehmed Said Efendi konağı restorasyon projesi
Conservation of Mehmed Said Efendi mansion in Milas
- Tez No: 940133
- Danışmanlar: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ GÜLSÜM TANYELİ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2023
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 128
Özet
Tez çalışmasına konu olan Mehmed Said Efendi Konağı, Muğla ili Milas ilçesi Hisarbaşı Mahallesi'nde yer almaktadır. Konağın, Milaslı ayan ailelerden olan Abdülaziz Ağa ailesinden olan Mehmed Said Efendi'nin kendisi tarafından 19. yüzyılın sonunda yaptırıldığı tahmin edilmektedir. 20. yüzyıl başında torunu Hadi Eskişar'ın kullanımına geçen konak, Milas'ta Hadi Eskişar Konağı olarak da bilinmektedir. Konak, 2020 yılında Milas Belediyesi tarafından satın alınarak kamulaştırılmıştır. Yapının güney cephesi 1216 cm uzunluğunda, doğu cephesi 2825 cm uzunluğundadır. Batı cephesinde yaklaşık 2520 cm uzunlukta olup; kuzey ve batı cephesinin birleştiği köşede 445x254 cm ölçülerinde bir girinti bulunmaktadır. Batı cephesinin toplam uzunluğu 1308 cm dir. Milas'ta bulunan çağdaşlarına kıyasla oldukça geniş yüzölçümü ve harem-selamlık bölümlerini içeren karmaşık planıyla, Milas'ın özgün sivil mimarlık örneklerinden biridir. Ancak, konağın selamlık bölümü uzun yıllardır kullanılmamakta ve bakımsız kalmış durumdadır. Aynı yapının, içinde yaşantının devam ettiği bölümlerinde ahşap karkas duvarlar ve ahşap yapı elemanları dahil olmak üzere pek çok detayı korunmuşken; içinde yaşanmayan bölümlerinde ahşap taşıyıcılarda biyolojik bozulmalar olmasına bağlı olarak strüktürel deformasyonlar, ahşap pencere kepenk gibi elemanlarda biyolojik bozulmalar ve bütünlemenin mümkün olmadığı kayıplar vardır. Özellikle strüktürel deformasyonlar, yapıya acil müdahale gerektirmektedir. Yapının belgeleme çalışmalarında yöntem olarak geleneksel yöntemlere ölçümler, total station ile ölçüm, lazer tarama ile belgeme ve fotoğraflarla yapı detaylarının belgelenmesi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Restitüsyon projesinde, öncelikle yapıda korunmuş olan detaylardan yararlanılmış; daha sonra Milas'ta yapılmış olan çalışmalara başvurulmuş, Milas'ta çekilmiş eski tarihli fotoğraflardan ve yapının çağdaşı olup Hisarbaşı Mahallesi'nin yakın çevresinde bulunan konakların tipoloji verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Restorasyon projesinde benimsenen temel yaklaşım, restitüsyon projesinin esas alınarak, en az düzeyde müdahale ile yeni işlevin yapıya uyarlanmasıdır. Konağın kamu yapısı olarak işlev kazanmasının, Milaslıların tarihi kent içinde vakit geçirmesini sağlayacağı; böylelikle tarihi yapıların yeni işlevler kazandırılarak korunması hakkında farkındalık kazanacakları bir zeminin oluşacağı düşünülmüştür. Mehmed Said Efendi Konağı'nın belediye hizmet binası olarak modern gereksinimleri karşılayacak şekilde iyileştirilerek koruma ilkelerine uygun biçimde korunduğu durumda, kentin sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yönden gelişimi için tarihi çevrenin sunduğu potansiyellerin farkına varılacaktır.
Özet (Çeviri)
Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion is located in the Milas district which is one of the most important regions of Mugla province. Milas is located on the western coast of Anatolia, in the region called Karia in ancient times. According to historical sources, the foundation of Milas dates back to BC. It dates back to 3400 years. Milas(Mylasa), which was an important city of Caria in ancient times, is considered the center of Carian civilization. Throughout history, it has been under the control of different political powers such as the Persian Empire, the Macedonian Empire, the Roman Empire, and the Byzantine Empire. In the Roman period, as a result of the adoption of the provincial system in Rome at the end of the third century, Caria became an independent province. The city of Mylasa, on the other hand, continued to be an independent province during the Byzantine period. However, from the fourth century onwards, it lost its former importance. Mylasa was under Byzantine rule until the late 1200s. Losing its importance in the Christian world until this date, Milas was flooded by Turks from the east during the 13th century. In 1282, it passed from the Byzantines to the Menteşe Principality in a devastated state. After this date, Milas became the center of Menteşe Principality; It also became an important trade city. Traveler Ibn Battuta visited Milas in 1333 and stated that this was one of the most beautiful and largest Greek towns, and that new buildings, masjids and mosques were being built in Milas. The structures that were built during this period and have survived are the Hacı İlyas Mosque, the Firuzbey Mosque and the Ulu Mosque. Milas came under Ottoman rule at the end of the 14th century. The Menteşe sanjak was established in 1424; The center of the sanjak was Muğla, not Milas. Milas, which lost its administrative importance towards the end of the 1500s, became a town. Although it lost its administrative importance, it became the most important accident of the sanjak due to its sea voyages and beaches. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, with the development of the Güllük Port and the construction of the İzmir-Aydın railway line, it became easier to send products such as marble, tobacco, figs and cotton to other regions; This situation led to developments in Milas' economy. In this period, Menteşe was managed by mutual families. The family that is active in Milas is the Abdülaziz Ağa family. The Abdülaziz Ağa family is also known as the Milaslızade family. Mehmed Said Efendi, who had the mansion built, which is the subject of the thesis, comes from the family of Abdülaziz Ağa. Many buildings that make up today's historical urban fabric of Milas, was built over 18-19th centuries. It is estimated that Mehmed Said Efendi may have built the mansion between 1880 and 1907, and therefore the construction date of Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion (Hadi Eskişar Mansion) is assumed as the end of the 19th century. The Eskişar Family, the current user of the building, stated that the second floor was built by Hadi Eskişar at the beginning of the 20th century. The mansion, located on the Hisarbaşı hill of Milas, is an original example of many qualified civil architecture examples in Milas. It is located on a sloping land, therefore it has four floors on the east side and three floors on the west side, facing Uncular Street. The floor perceived as a mezzanine on the east façade is located at the entrance (garden) level on the west side. Therefore, the floor on the Uncular Street, where the shops are located today, was named the ground floor, and the floor accessed from the garden was named as the mezzanine. The south façade of the building is 1216 cm long and the east façade is 2825 cm long. It is approximately 2520 cm long on the western façade; There is an indentation measuring 445x254 cm at the corner where the north and west facades meet. The total length of the western façade is 1308 cm. The building is in a plan typology with two inner halls consisting of harem and selamlık sections. Access between the harem and selamlık sections is provided by passing through a narrow volume accessed from the hall in both sections, and through the door located between these narrow volumes placed on the symmetrical plan scheme. The section called Selamlık has not been used for many years and has not been maintained continuously. Its neglect has caused losses and structural deterioration in the selamlik section of the building. Access to the garden of the Selamlık section, which is quite damaged, is provided through an ostentatious garden gate on the south façade. The entrance doors of the harem and selamlık sections of the building are on the western façade. Garden level is defined as zero level (+76.70). Ground floor and mezzanine floor is made of stone masonry and the first and second floors are made of wooden structure. The floors of the building are made of wooden beams. Most of the ceiling and floor are covered with wooden planks. The roof a hipped roof and it is covered with mission tiles. The mansion has unique wooden windows, wooden shutters, wooden cupboards, wooden cabinets, wooden railings and unique fireplaces inside. In the documentation studies of the building, traditional methods of measurements, measurement with total station, documentation by laser scanning and documenting the details of the building with photographs were used. While preparing the restitution project of the building, the traces on the building, various old-dated photographs, academic studies about Milas and its immediate surroundings, and typological data of other Milas mansions, which are contemporary of the building, were used. In addition, due to the fact that the users of the building are the Eskişar family and they have been involved in the transmission of oral information since Hadi Eskişar, various information about the restitution has been obtained from the users of the building who are alive today. While preparing conservation project, some urgent intervention recommendations for repair are proposed. Currently, there are structural deformations in the selamlık section of the building on the first floor. There are biological deteriorations in wooden carriers; appear to be unable to fulfill their functions. As a result of the deformations in the carriers, deflections are also observed in the beams carrying the roof. For this reason, it has been proposed to reconstruct the interior and exterior walls of the first floor, which were made with the bagdadi technique, with the original method. On the second floor, there are structural deteriorations that require urgent intervention and leave the original elements of the building in danger. For this reason, it has been proposed to reconstruct the walls of the second floor with the Baghdadi technique, which is the original method. In addition, the slab thickness of approximately 85 cm between the first floor ceiling and the second floor slab should be analyzed and it should be understood whether the structural deformations are caused by the construction system that creates this slab thickness. Other than those urgent intervention need, unique wooden materials should be carefully integrated by cutting off the lost parts. The main approach should be to save the unique materials as possible. On re-function of the mansion, the following is stated: Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion was acquired by Milas Municipality in 2022 and expropriated. Hacı Ali Ağa Mansion, which was expropriated and restored by Milas Municipality in 2005, is located in the south of the mansion; To the southeast is the Uzunyuva Mausoleum and Museum Complex, where the mausoleum of Hekatomnos is located. To the west of it are the Çöllüoğlu Inn, the Belen Mosque, the Yanık Inn (Sefa Hotel) and the Ottoman bazaar. In addition, an important part of Milas' historical building stock is located in this circle. Yet, the buildings that have functions such as hospitals, schools and shopping centers, which are used by the people of Milas in their daily life, are developing towards the periphery of the city and outside of the circle. The people of Milas should spend time in the historical city center in order to raise awareness about the potential of historical buildings and their adaptation to modern needs by re-functioning. Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion has a critical potential to create situations where all age groups from Milas can spend time, and in some cases they should be in the building. For this reason, it is suggested that Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion be used as the Milas Municipality service building. Access to the building is from the east and south facades on the ground floor due to the level difference; mezzanine, first floor and second floor are provided from the west side. For this reason, considering that the relationship with the public may be stronger, it is suggested that the commercial unit belonging to the municipality enterprise, the tourist information center and the municipal police directorate, which is seen as a necessity by the tradesmen in the Ottoman bazaar, are located on the ground floor. In the section that is accessible from the west side, it is suggested that there should be service units such as legal affairs, private office, president's room, vice president's room, meeting room, archive and waiting areas in the municipality. The basic approach adopted in the restoration project is to adapt the new function to the building with minimal intervention, based on the restitution project. The mansion's function as a public structure will enable the people of Milas to spend time in the historical city; Thus, it is thought that a ground will be formed where they will gain awareness about the protection of historical buildings by gaining new functions. In the event that Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion, as a municipal service building, is improved to meet modern needs and preserved in accordance with conservation principles, the potential offered by the historical environment for the social, cultural and economic development of the city will be realized.
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