Siyasi otoritenin olmadığı bölgelerde mülkiyet

Property in areas without political authority

PDF İndir

Tez No: 965593
Yazar: CEREN CİHAN SOYSAL
Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. HASAN HAKAN YAVAŞOĞLU
Tez Türü: Doktora
Konular: Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri, Geodesy and Photogrammetry
Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
Yıl: 2025
Dil: Türkçe
Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Ana Bilim Dalı: Geomatik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Bilim Dalı: Geomatik Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
Sayfa Sayısı: 249

Özet

Bu tez çalışması, egemenlik yetkisinin hukuken sınırlandığı veya fiilen tesis edilemediği coğrafyalarda, özellikle kutup bölgelerinde (Arktik ve Antarktika) mülkiyet kavramının nasıl biçimlendiğini ve bu bağlamda geliştirilebilecek hukuki, çevresel ve yönetişim temelli modelleri incelemektedir. Klasik mülkiyet anlayışı; devletlerin egemen olduğu kara parçaları üzerinde, hukuken tanınan bireysel veya kolektif hakların kurumsallaşması ile tanımlanırken, kutup bölgeleri gibi siyasi otoritenin doğrudan mevcut olmadığı alanlarda bu tanım yetersiz kalmaktadır. Uluslararası hukuk düzenlemeleri, bilimsel iş birliği rejimleri ve çevresel koruma ilkeleri, bu alanlarda mülkiyeti yalnızca bir“hak sahipliği”meselesi olmaktan çıkararak, çok taraflı yönetişim ve veri paylaşımı temelinde yeniden tanımlamayı zorunlu kılmaktadır. Çalışma, Antarktika Antlaşmalar Sistemi (ATS) ve Arktik Konseyi gibi mevcut uluslararası rejimlerin, fiilî egemenlik yerine barışçıl kullanım ve bilimsel faaliyet temelli düzenleme biçimleriyle mülkiyetin dönüşümünü nasıl şekillendirdiğini ele almakta; bu rejimlerin içindeki boşlukları ve sürdürülebilirlik sorunlarını bilimsel diplomasi, çevresel yönetişim ve deniz kadastrosu kavramlarıyla birlikte tartışmaktadır. Tezin temel amacı, Türkiye'nin kutup bölgelerinde daha etkin ve sorumlu bir aktör olarak konumlanabilmesine katkı sunmak; aynı zamanda siyasi otoritenin eksik olduğu coğrafyalarda mülkiyetin yeniden inşasına yönelik bütüncül bir kavramsal çerçeve önermektir. Tez kapsamında beş temel eksen incelenmiştir: (1) mülkiyet hakkının tarihsel ve teorik gelişimi; (2) deniz kadastrosunun teknik, hukuki ve çevresel boyutları; (3) kutup bölgelerinde geçerli uluslararası rejimler ve büyük aktörlerin stratejik politikaları; (4) iklim değişikliğinin kutup coğrafyaları üzerindeki etkileri; (5) Türkiye'nin kutup bölgelerinde bilimsel, diplomatik ve hukuki görünürlüğü. Bu eksenler çerçevesinde yapılan analizlerde, klasik güç temelli mülkiyet kavrayışının yerini, bilimsel veri üretimi, çevreye duyarlı kullanım biçimleri ve ortak miras yaklaşımının aldığı görülmüştür. Yöntemsel olarak çalışma, literatür taraması, uluslararası hukuk analizi, kutup politikaları karşılaştırması ve mevcut deniz kadastrosu uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi gibi çok disiplinli araçlar kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye'nin Antarktika'da gerçekleştirdiği bilim seferleri, geçici üs kurma çabaları ve Arktik'teki diplomatik pozisyonu bu çerçevede ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye'nin Svalbard Antlaşması'na taraf olmasının sağlayabileceği hukuki avantajlar ve bilimsel meşruiyet kazanımı da detaylı biçimde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, kutuplarda mülkiyet ve kullanım hakları, artık yalnızca kıta sahanlığı veya münhasır ekonomik bölge iddialarıyla değil; bilimsel faaliyetlerin sürekliliği, çevresel sorumluluklar ve veri temelli yönetişim araçlarıyla şekillenmektedir. Özellikle deniz kadastrosu sistemlerinin, kutup alanlarında yalnızca sınır belirlemekle kalmayıp; ekosistem koruma, sürdürülebilir balıkçılık ve kaynak yönetimi gibi konularda da önemli işlevler üstlendiği ortaya konmuştur. Kutuplarda giderek artan küresel rekabetin, yalnızca politik değil, aynı zamanda çevresel bir baskı unsuru oluşturduğu; bu nedenle mülkiyet rejimlerinin ekolojik duyarlılığı da içeren yeni bir çerçevede düşünülmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda tez, Türkiye'nin kutup bölgelerine yönelik politikalarını sadece bilimsel katılım değil; aynı zamanda çok taraflı yönetişim içinde aktif sorumluluk alabilecek düzeyde yapılandırması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Gerek hukuki statünün güçlendirilmesi, gerekse deniz kadastrosu altyapısının geliştirilmesi; Türkiye'nin uluslararası sistemde daha etkin, görünür ve meşru bir kutup aktörü olmasına zemin hazırlayacaktır. Sonuç olarak bu tez, hem literatüre özgün bir teorik katkı sunmakta hem de politika yapıcılara yönelik stratejik öneriler geliştirerek pratik düzeyde somut bir referans çerçevesi ortaya koymaktadır.

Özet (Çeviri)

This doctoral dissertation investigates the reconfiguration of property concepts in regions where sovereign authority is legally restricted or functionally absent, focusing specifically on the polar areas - the Arctic and Antarctic. Historically, property has been defined as a legal right derived from the territorial sovereignty of states. In conventional legal frameworks, ownership implies the ability to control, use, exclude, and transfer a given object or land within a clearly defined jurisdiction. However, in areas where no state exercises full sovereignty — either due to explicit international treaties or because of ungovernability caused by environmental conditions — such traditional property structures become insufficient. The polar regions represent prototypical examples of this reality. In such governance-limited territories, property rights and usage entitlements are shaped not by domestic statutes but by a complex set of international norms, environmental imperatives, and scientific practices. The combined influence of climate change, rapid ecological transformation, expanding economic interests, and heightened geopolitical competition has further intensified the need for new approaches to spatial governance. These factors necessitate not only a reevaluation of what constitutes“ownership”but also a redefinition of legitimacy, responsibility, and sustainable use in areas beyond sovereign control. Within this context, the thesis engages with core issues such as marine cadastre development, scientific diplomacy, treaty-based legal regimes, and strategic state behavior, with particular attention given to Turkey's growing interest and activity in the Arctic and Antarctic. The overarching aim of this research is twofold: first, to explore how non-traditional property regimes function in politically unclaimed spaces, particularly in the context of evolving international law and ecological vulnerability; and second, to analyze how Turkey, as a relatively new but ambitious actor in polar affairs, can establish a legitimate and effective presence through legal, scientific, and institutional engagement. The thesis is structured around five major analytical axes: (1) the historical, legal, and philosophical evolution of property rights and their limitations under international law; (2) the emergence of marine cadastre as a multidisciplinary instrument for mapping, registering, and governing maritime space; (3) the political and legal infrastructure of the Arctic and Antarctic, including their respective treaty systems and multilateral governance frameworks; (4) the accelerating impact of climate change on spatial dynamics, legal interpretation, and international competition in the polar regions; (5) the strategic, legal, and scientific trajectory of Turkey in its pursuit of increased visibility and legitimacy in these governance vacuums. Methodologically, the thesis adopts a cross-disciplinary framework, combining qualitative legal analysis, geopolitical scenario evaluation, environmental planning literature, and case-based review of policy implementation. Legal sources such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), and various national and multilateral policy declarations form the primary legal basis of the study. These are augmented by technical documents on marine spatial planning, climate modeling data, and marine cadastre applications in comparable geographies. The methodology emphasizes interpretive depth, cross-jurisdictional analysis, and forward-looking policy modeling. Key findings demonstrate that in regions without sovereign governance, the mechanisms through which property and usage rights are assigned have undergone a fundamental transformation. Rather than being linked to effective territorial control or historical claims, legitimacy is increasingly tied to sustained scientific presence, participation in treaty-based institutions, adherence to environmental norms, and the ability to transparently manage and share data. Scientific research stations, for instance, are no longer seen merely as research outposts but as instruments of visibility, permanence, and de facto jurisdictional signaling. Furthermore, the study shows that data collection and environmental monitoring, when conducted systematically and in coordination with international partners, contribute directly to legal credibility and influence. Marine cadastre emerges in this analysis as a crucial governance tool. It enables the geospatial demarcation of uses such as fishing grounds, protected areas, tourism zones, and research corridors, allowing for more coherent marine spatial planning. In the context of polar regions, where melting ice reveals previously inaccessible zones and opens new maritime routes, the role of cadastre systems in mapping, regulating, and legitimizing use becomes especially vital. By systematizing claims and operational responsibilities in a politically neutral and scientifically anchored framework, marine cadastres offer a pathway toward sustainable resource governance, enhanced cooperation, and conflict prevention. The thesis also analyzes Turkey's trajectory in polar governance. Since 2017, Turkey has launched regular Antarctic scientific expeditions and established temporary research facilities on Horseshoe Island. While not yet a consultative party to the Antarctic Treaty, these actions aim to position Turkey as a scientifically active and diplomatically responsible participant. The thesis evaluates Turkey's potential pathways to increase its influence, including becoming a party to the Svalbard Treaty, enhancing marine cadastre capacities, joining Arctic science initiatives, and developing bilateral partnerships with existing polar actors such as Norway, Russia, and South Korea. Additionally, the thesis identifies critical gaps in Turkey's legal and institutional framework concerning polar engagement. These include the absence of a formal polar strategy with legal force, underdeveloped domestic cadastre infrastructure for marine spaces, and limited integration of ecosystem-based planning in maritime policy. To address these gaps, the thesis proposes a series of recommendations, including the development of a national marine cadastre agency, the incorporation of polar affairs into national environmental legislation, and the institutionalization of Turkey's presence in polar scientific committees and forums. Ultimately, the study argues that property in regions without political authority must be understood as a dynamic, relational construct - one that is negotiated through diplomacy, enabled by science, and constrained by ecological realities. The polar regions serve as a testing ground for this new model of governance. Rather than asserting traditional sovereignty through unilateral claims or military presence, legitimacy in these areas increasingly depends on soft power instruments: environmental monitoring, legal harmonization, multilateral cooperation, and long-term scientific investment. This dissertation contributes to academic scholarship in several key ways. It advances theoretical discourse on the evolution of property rights beyond state sovereignty. It presents marine cadastre as both a technical and normative mechanism in frontier governance. It offers a novel framework for integrating environmental and legal analysis in property regimes. And it provides actionable strategies for emerging actors like Turkey to engage responsibly, effectively, and sustainably in the architecture of global polar governance. Moreover, the dissertation elaborates on the structural implications of property law in politically neutral regions. It investigates the absence of conventional cadastral authority in polar areas and examines how the integration of satellite technologies, spatial data infrastructures, and international data-sharing protocols might serve as viable substitutes to traditional state-backed cadastre systems. These mechanisms enable enhanced monitoring, environmental accountability, and the long-term sustainability of regional governance efforts. By embedding technological infrastructures into legal and scientific cooperation, marine cadastre not only assists in mapping but also builds trust and legitimacy in international polar relations. From a geopolitical perspective, the study also highlights the asymmetric participation of Global South countries in polar regimes, where historical presence and institutional inertia have long favored Western and Northern actors. In this respect, Turkey's increasing involvement symbolizes a broader shift in the global governance of unclaimed or loosely governed spaces. The thesis therefore positions Turkey not only as a case study, but as a strategic testbed for evaluating the operational pathways of emerging powers in frontier governance. Through its integrated approach, this dissertation contributes to the academic understanding of property rights, statehood, and environmental regulation in a period marked by planetary-scale transformation. It serves as a timely response to the need for adaptive governance models that are scientifically informed, legally robust, and environmentally sustainable. Furthermore, the thesis addresses a critical gap in Turkish academic and strategic literature regarding the country's role in the governance of polar and maritime commons. In its final section, the dissertation outlines specific policy recommendations for Turkish institutions, suggesting the creation of a Polar Affairs Coordination Unit under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the legal codification of a National Polar Strategy aligned with ATS principles, and the establishment of a joint marine cadastre working group involving universities, government agencies, and international partners. These steps are deemed essential for strengthening Turkey's claim to visibility, legitimacy, and long-term scientific presence in both polar regions. A specific case examined in this dissertation is Turkey's scientific infrastructure development on Horseshoe Island in the Antarctic Peninsula. Since 2017, Turkey has been conducting seasonal expeditions to this region, gradually increasing its logistical capacity and research capabilities. The establishment of temporary research facilities and systematic scientific programs - including glaciology, oceanography, geology, and climate monitoring - reflect Turkey's strategic intention to transition from a provisional presence to a permanent and institutionally recognized role in Antarctic governance. Horseshoe Island thus serves not only as a platform for scientific exploration but also as a critical point of geopolitical signaling and data-based legitimacy. By maintaining a continuous presence in this location, Turkey strengthens its candidacy for consultative party status under the Antarctic Treaty System. Moreover, the practical aspects of marine cadastre implementation are elaborated through the lens of technological integration. This includes the use of remote sensing, satellite imagery, GNSS positioning systems, and spatial data infrastructures to produce legally relevant spatial records in oceanic domains. These technologies are particularly vital in polar environments where harsh conditions limit in situ data collection. Through these tools, marine cadastre systems enable dynamic mapping of changing coastlines, sea ice boundaries, and protected marine habitats. As climate change accelerates environmental transformation, remote-sensing-assisted cadastre systems offer real-time insights that facilitate rapid decision-making, legal clarity, and enhanced cooperation among polar stakeholders.

Benzer Tezler

Tez No
913856
Babillerin dini tarihi
Religious history of the Babylonists
AYŞE TÜRKMEN KÖKSAL
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2024
Din Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi
Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. ABDULLAH ALTUNCU
Tez No
377715
Çağdaş Suriye nesrinde siyasî hapishane edebiyatı üzerine eleştirel bir bakış
The literature of political prisons in contemporary Syrian prose analytical prepective
ABDOLGADER MOHAMED ALİ
Yüksek Lisans
Arapça
2014
Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı Selçuk Üniversitesi
Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatları Ana Bilim Dalı
YRD. DOÇ. FİKRET ARSLAN
Tez No
718312
Educational reforms in Ethiopia: From the imperial era to the present
Etiyopya'da eğitim reformları: Emperyal dönemden günümüze
SALİH AHMED MAHAMMODA
Doktora
İngilizce
2022
Eğitim ve Öğretim Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi
Eğitim Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. İSA KORKMAZ
Tez No
485183
Transformation of the Istanbul skyline since the 1950s
İstanbul şehir silüetinin 1950 sonrası değişimi
EBRU ŞEVKİN
Yüksek Lisans
İngilizce
2017
Mimarlık İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. MEHMET MURAT GÜL
Tez No
74147
Demokratik sistemde baskı grupları (Türkiye örneği)
Oppression groups in democratic system
HALİL GÖZEL
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1998
Siyasal Bilimler Marmara Üniversitesi
Sosyoloji ve Antropoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. YÜMNİ SEZEN

Geri Dön