1919-1938 Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu'da çıkan isyanların siyasi, sosyal ve iktisadi sebepleri
Political, social and economical results of the revolts occuring in eastern and souteastern parts of Anatolia between 1919-1938
- Tez No: 207241
- Danışmanlar: YRD. DOÇ. DR. ŞENNUR ŞENEL
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Tarih, Siyasal Bilimler, Sosyoloji, History, Political Science, Sociology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2007
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Gazi Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
The geopolitical importance of the East and Southeast Anatolian region, which is located in the centre of Iran, Anatolia and Iraq, has been widely accepted as it is close to the rich oil fields and it has a significant role in the world politics when controlled. The region has witnessed the rise and fall of many civilizations, for it is in the centre of Middle East, Asia, Europe and Far East air and land routes. For this reasons, it is in a position that every state either wants to own or control. In the region, which the Ottoman Empire had gained the control in 1514, government controlled but internally autonomous administrative structures have been formed. Although these administrative structures have wanted to disobey the government's wills, they were compelled to do so due to agreements and precautions (that were taken by Ottomans) After the 1800's, which the industry has developed and petroleum-based energy demand has increased, the industrially developed nations paid more attention to the region. With the ?Orient Problem? which appeared concurrently, powerful nations needed to make bilateral agreement in order to control the region. These nations had gained supporters and examined the social structure by means of their ambassadors and spies in the region. With the defeat of Ottoman Empire at the World War I, imperialist states, which have tried to establish Kurdish and Armenian Stated under their hegemony, have used the social structure of the region according to their benefits during the National Struggle and first years of the Republic. In 136 addition to the propaganda and intelligence activities of these nations in the region, the leaders of the region called with titles as Aga, sheikh, chief, seyit, who were uncomfortable with the change and renewals of the republican order, have tried to rebel against government with their people and surrounding tribes, or order to keep the old system going. Several associations and clubs which have formed with the provocation fo the imperialist states, carried on activities with the aim of founding a Kurdish state. These kind of activities which does not address all of the people in the region has been suppressed in short times both by the government and local people. In our thesis, the rebellion activities in the region are examined from social, economic and political aspects. The results of our study show that the region has witnessed several rebellions in 1919 ? 1938 periods. The reasons of these rebellions are two dimensional. First, the people of the region with powers of influencing others have used either religion or ethnic factors and disregarded the states benefits for their own advantage. The second element of this political event is the imperialist nations' use of these groups with deceit and cheats, who have not been victorious in the military campaigns of National Struggle. The result of our research has showed that the social and economical aspects of the rebellions are; low education level of people in the region, not being able to unify as a nation and citizen, the irregularities caused by tribal structure, the tribal structure's strengthening of tribe leaders instead of individual economic welfare, resulting in a society that cannot make and use individual choices. 137 In order to prevent the scenarios that are still going on in the region and not to suffer repeatedly, the conditions of 1919-1938 period and historical and sociological process must be examined thoroughly and these experiences and historical truths must form the basis for multi-dimensional studies.
Özet (Çeviri)
The geopolitical importance of the East and Southeast Anatolian region, which is located in the centre of Iran, Anatolia and Iraq, has been widely accepted as it is close to the rich oil fields and it has a significant role in the world politics when controlled. The region has witnessed the rise and fall of many civilizations, for it is in the centre of Middle East, Asia, Europe and Far East air and land routes. For this reasons, it is in a position that every state either wants to own or control. In the region, which the Ottoman Empire had gained the control in 1514, government controlled but internally autonomous administrative structures have been formed. Although these administrative structures have wanted to disobey the government?s wills, they were compelled to do so due to agreements and precautions (that were taken by Ottomans) After the 1800?s, which the industry has developed and petroleum-based energy demand has increased, the industrially developed nations paid more attention to the region. With the ?Orient Problem? which appeared concurrently, powerful nations needed to make bilateral agreement in order to control the region. These nations had gained supporters and examined the social structure by means of their ambassadors and spies in the region. With the defeat of Ottoman Empire at the World War I, imperialist states, which have tried to establish Kurdish and Armenian Stated under their hegemony, have used the social structure of the region according to their benefits during the National Struggle and first years of the Republic. In 136 addition to the propaganda and intelligence activities of these nations in the region, the leaders of the region called with titles as Aga, sheikh, chief, seyit, who were uncomfortable with the change and renewals of the republican order, have tried to rebel against government with their people and surrounding tribes, or order to keep the old system going. Several associations and clubs which have formed with the provocation fo the imperialist states, carried on activities with the aim of founding a Kurdish state. These kind of activities which does not address all of the people in the region has been suppressed in short times both by the government and local people. In our thesis, the rebellion activities in the region are examined from social, economic and political aspects. The results of our study show that the region has witnessed several rebellions in 1919 ? 1938 periods. The reasons of these rebellions are two dimensional. First, the people of the region with powers of influencing others have used either religion or ethnic factors and disregarded the states benefits for their own advantage. The second element of this political event is the imperialist nations? use of these groups with deceit and cheats, who have not been victorious in the military campaigns of National Struggle. The result of our research has showed that the social and economical aspects of the rebellions are; low education level of people in the region, not being able to unify as a nation and citizen, the irregularities caused by tribal structure, the tribal structure?s strengthening of tribe leaders instead of individual economic welfare, resulting in a society that cannot make and use individual choices. 137 In order to prevent the scenarios that are still going on in the region and not to suffer repeatedly, the conditions of 1919-1938 period and historical and sociological process must be examined thoroughly and these experiences and historical truths must form the basis for multi-dimensional studies.
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